The American Journal of CLINICAL NÜTRITION
VOLUME 69 , NUMBER 1, JÄNUARY 1999


Building scientific consensus: the importance of dietary fiber.
B0 Schneeman 1


ls it the drink or the drinker? Circumstantial evidence only
raises a probability. AL Kiatsky
See corresponding artide on page 49. 2



Early iron deficiency anemia and later mental retardation.
E Pollitt
See corresponding artide on page 115. 4



ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Obesity and eating disorders

Effects of small-intestinal fat and carbohydrate infusions on
appetite and food intake in obese and nonobese men.
IM Chapman et al 6


Changes in resting energy expenditure after weight loss in
obese African American and white women. GD Fester et al 13


Regional leptin kinetics in humans. MD Jensen et al 18


Lipids and cardiovascular risk
Pentadecanoic acid in serum äs a marker for intake of milk fat:
relations between intake of milk fat and metabolic risk factors.
AEM Smedman et al 22


Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis.
L Brown et al 30


Nutritional Status, dietary intake, and body composition
Energy expenditure of young Polynesian and European women
in New Zealand and relations to body composition.
EC Fiush et al 43


Wine intake and diet in a random sample of 48763 Danish
men and women. A Tjenneland et al 49


Carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes
Postprandial lipid, glucose, insulin, and cholecystokinin responses
in men fed barley pasta enriched with p-glucan.
/ Bourdon et al 55


Consumption of fructooligosaccharides does not favorably affect
blood glucose and serum lipid concentrations in patients with
type 2 diabetes. MS Alles et al 64


Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals
Serum and urinary magnesium in young diabetic subjects in
Bangladesh. LA Khan et al 70


Vitamin K intake and hip fractures in women: a prospective
study. D Feskanich et al 74


Effect of daily and weekly micronutrient supplementation on
micronutrient deficiencies and growth in young Vietnamese
children. BD Thu et al 80


Effect of fruit juice intake on urinary quercetin excretion and
biomarkers of antioxidative Status. JF Young et al 87



Bioavailability of vitamin D from wild edible mushrooms
(Cantharellus tubaeformis) äs measured with a human bioassay.
TA Outila et ai 95

Low-dose folic acid supplementation decreases plasma
homocysteine concentrations: a randomized trial.
IA Brouwer et al 99



Growth, development, and pediatrics
Threonine kinetics in preterm infants fed their mothers' milk or
formula with various ratios of whey to casein.
PB Darling et ai 105


Early childhood anemia and mild or moderate mental
retardation. EK Hurtado et ai 115

Digestion
Diet, physical activity, and gallstones—a population-based,
case-control study in southern Italy. Q Misciagna et ai 120



Fat malabsorption in cystic fibrosis patients receiving enzyme
replacement therapy is due to impaired intestinal uptake of
long-chain fatty acids. M Kalivianakis et al 127


Gas production in humans ingesting a soybean flour derived
from beans naturally low in oligosaccharides.
FL Suarez et al 135


A randomized trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus BG2F04 to
treat lactose intolerance. JFt Saltzman etal 140


Bone metabolism
Prospective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip
fracture in postmenopausal women. R.G Munger etal 147



Leiters to the Edltor 153

Book Reviews 161

WithAppreciation 162

Information for Authors 165

_______________________________________

_____________________________________

_______________________________________

______________________________________

The American Journal of CLINICAL NUTRITION

VOLUME 69 • NUMBER 5, MAY 1999

EDITORIALS____________________________

Lessons for nutritional science from vitamin D. R P Heaney
See corresponding article on page 842. 825

Linolenic acid in health and disease. WE Connor
See corresponding article on page 890. 827

Mutations in the gene encoding retinol binding protein and
retinol deficiency: is there compensation by retinyl esters and
retinoic acid? AC Floss
See corresponding article on page 931. 829

The ironies of iron. EP Monsen
See corresponding article on page 944. 831

REVIEWARTICLES

Hydration of fat-free body mass: review and critique of a
classic body-composition constant. Z Wang et al 833

Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin'D
concentrations, and safety. Fi Vieth 842

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Obesity and eating disorders
Whole-body protein turnover and resting energy expenditure in
obese, prepubertal children. Y Schutz et al 857

Energy density but not fat content of foods affected energy
intake in lean and obese women. BJ Fiolls et al 863

Lipids and cardiovascular risk
Effect of dietary (x-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in
vegetarian men. D Li et al 872

Enhanced postprandial energy expenditure with medium-chain
fatty acid feeding is attenuated after 14 d in premenopausal
women. MD White et al 883

Dietary intake of a-linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart
disease among women. FB Hu et al 890

Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition

Comparison of air-displacement plethysmography with
hydrostatic weighing and bioelectrical impedance analysis for
the assessment of body composition in healthy adults.
898

Equations for predicting the energy requirements of healthy
adults aged 18-81 y. AG Vinken et al 920

Postexercise macronutrient oxidation: a factor dependent on
postexercise macronutrient intake. / Dionne et al 927

Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals

Biochemical but not clinical vitamin A deficiency results from
mutations in the gene for retinol binding protein.
HK Biesalski et al 931

Effects of long-term intake of retinol on selected clinical and
laboratory indexes. B Cartmel et al 937

Nonheme-iron absorption, fecal ferritin excretion, and blood
indexes of iron status in women consuming controlled
lactoovovegetarian diets for 8 wk. JR Hunt and ZK Fioughead 944

Pregnancy and lactation
Breast milk immune factors in Bangladesh! women
supplemented postpartum with retinol or p-carotene.
SMFilteauetal 953

Bandonlized trial of the short-term effects of dieting compared
'with dieting plus aerobic exercise on lactation performance.
MA McCrory et al 959

Growth, development, and pediatrics
Plasma homocysteine concentrations in a Belgian school-age
population. C De Laet et al 968

Digestion
Fructooligosaccharides and lactulose cause more symptoms
in lactose maldigesters and subjects with pseudohypolactasia
than in control lactose digesters. U Teuri et al 973

Effect of transgalactooligosaccharides on the composition of
the human intestinal microflora and on putative risK markers
for colon cancer. MS Alles et al 980

Aging
Development of sex-specific equations for estimating stature
of frail elderly Hispanics living in the northeastern United
States. 01 Bermudez et al 992

Effects of age on concentrations of plasma cholecystokinin,
glucagon-like peptide 1, andpeptideYY and their relation to
appetite and pyloric motility. uG Macintosh et al 999

Relation between body fat and age in 4 ethnic groups.
JWMottetal 1007

PLEMENT_________________
developpmental Ecology of the Neonatal Intestine 1027S

_____________________________________

The American Journal of CLINICAL NUTRITION
VOLUME 69 • NUMBER 6 , JUNE 1999

EDITORIALS_____________________________

Is blockade of pancreatic lipase the answer? CH Halsted
See corresponding articles on pages 1108 and 1117.
8ee corresponding editorials on pages 1061 and 1064. 1059

The war against obesity: attacking a new front. S Klein
See corresponding article on page 1108.
See corresponding editorial on page 1059. 1061

Relapse in obesity treatment: biology or behavior? JO Hill
and HR Wyatt

See corresponding article on page 1117.
See corresponding editorial on page 1059. 1064

Effect of cirrhosis on energy expenditure. AJ McCutlough
and C Paguso
See corresponding article on page 1194. 1066

Iron and folate supplementation: an effective intervention in
adolescent females. MF Picciano
See corresponding article on page 1249. 1069

REVIEW ARTICLES

Alcohol, vitamin A, and [3-carotene: adverse interactions,
including hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity. MA Leo
andCSLieber 1071

Toward a new recommended dietary allowance for vitamin C
based on antioxidant and health effects in humans. AC Can
andBFrei 1086

ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Obesity and eating disorders
Orlistat, a lipase inhibitor, for weight maintenance after
conventional dieting: a 1 -y study. JO Hill et al 1108

Meta-analysis of resting metabolic rate in formerly obese
subjects. A Astrup et at 1117

Seven-year stability of indicators of obesity and adipose
tissue distribution in the Canadian population.
PT Katzmarzyk eta! 1123

Effects of physical training and its cessation on the
hemostatic system of obese children. MA Ferguson et al 1130

Lipids and cardiovascular risk

Differential effects of saturated and monounsaturated fatty
acids on postprandial lipemia and incretin responses in
healthy subjects. C Thomson et al 1135

Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a sitostanol-containing
phytosterol mixture with a prudent diet in hyperlipidemic
men. PJH Jones etal 1144

Plasma clearance of chylomicrons from butterfat is not
dependent on saturation: studies with butterfat fractions
and other fats containing triacyiglycerols with low or high
melting points. CT Phan etal 1151

Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition

Fat distribution in HIV-infected patients reporting truncal
enlargement quantified by whole-body magnetic resonance
imaging. ES bngelson etal 1162

Carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes
Limited effect of refined carbohydrate dietary supplementation
on colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of healthy subjects
by Candida albicans. M Weig etal 1170

Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to assess posthepatic
glucose appearance after carbohydrate loading. 1. Validation
in pigs. Vi Lang etat 1174

Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to assess posthepatic
glucose appearance after carbohydrate loading. 2. Evaluation
of corn and mung bean starches in healthy men. V Lang etal 1183

Energy and protein metabolism
Resting energy expenditure in reduced-obese subjects in the
National Weight Control Registry. HFi Wyatt etal 1189

Hypermetabolism in clinically stable patients with liver
cirrhosis. MJ MOiler etal 1194

Protein pulse feeding improves protein retention in elderly
women. M-A Arnal et al 1202

Variations and determinants of energy expenditure as
measured by whole-body indirect calorimetry during puberty
and adolescence. A Bitar et al 1209

Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals
Molybdenum absorption and utilization in humans from soy
and kale intrinsically labeled with stable isotopes of
molybdenum. JR Turnlund etal 1217

Randomized trial of calcium glycerophosphate-supplemented
infant formula to prevent leaa absorption. JD Sargent et al 1224

Serum ferritin and risk of myocardial infarction in the elderly:
the Rotterdam Study. K Klipstein-Grobusch etal 1231

Continued on Table of Contents inside
SUPPLEMENT____________________

The Role of Epidemiology in Determining When Evidence is
Sufficient to Support Nutrition Recommendations 1297S

VOLUME INDEXES________________
Subject Index 1369
Author Index 1377

____________________________________

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION

VOLUME 70, NUMBER 2, AUGUST 1999

EDITORIALS

Virtual folate: virtual success? IH Rosenberg
See corresponding article on page 198. 177


Variable bioavailability of carotenoids from vegetables.
JW Erdman Jr
See corresponding article on page 261. 179


Maternal diet, length of gestation, and long-chain
polyunsaturated fatty acid status of infants at birth. SM Innis
See corresponding article on page 292. 181


REVIEW ARTICLE

Geriatric cachexia: the role of cytokines. S-S Yeh
and MW Schuster 183

SPECIAL ARTICLE

Estimated folate intakes: data updated to reflect food
fortification, increased bioavailability, and dietary supplement
use. CJ Lewis, NT Crane, DB Witson, and EA Yetley 198

ORIGINALRESEARCHCOMMUNICATIONS

Lipids and cardiovascular risk
Plasma lipid changes after supplementation with B-giucan
fiber from yeast. Ft Nicolosi, SJ Bell, BR Bistri'an,
I Greenberg, HA Forse, and GL Blackburn 208

Influence of mental stress and circadian cycle on postprandial
lipemia. C Le Fur, M Fiomon, P Lebef, P Devos, A Lancry,
L Guedon-Moreau, J-C Fruchart, and J Dallongeville 213


Dietary protein and risk of ischemic heart disease in women.
FB Hu, MJ Stampfer, JE Manson, E Rimm, GA Colditz,
FE Speizer, CH Hennekens, and WC WHiett 221


Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition
Determination of skeletal muscle and fat-free mass by nuclear
and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry methods in men
and women aged 51-84 y. RD Hansen, C Raja, A Aslani,
PC Smith, and BJ Alien 228


Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals
Fortification with low amounts of folic acid makes a significant
difference in folate status in young women: implications for the
prevention of neural tube defects. GJ Cuskelly, H McNulty,
and JM Scott 234


Inositol phosphates with different numbers of phosphate
groups influence iron absorption in humans. A-S Sandberg,
M Brune, N-G Carlsson, L HaUberg, E Skoglund,
and L Possander-Hufthen 240


Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary
supplementation with egg yolk. GJ Handeiman,
ZD Nightingale, AH Uchtenste'm, EJ Schaefer,
and JB Blumberg 247


Higher total homocysteine concentrations and lower folate
concentrations in premenopausal black women than in
premenopausal white women. GTGerhard, MR Maiinow,
TG DeLoughery, AJ Evans, G Sexton, SL Connor,
HC Wander, and WE Connor 252


Bioavailability of lutein from vegetables is 5 times higher than
that of p-carotene. KH van het Hof, tA Brouwer, CE West,
E Haddeman, RPM Steegers-Theunissen,
M van Dusseldorp, JA Weststrate, TKAB Eskes,
and JGAJ Hautvast 261


Pregnancy and lactation
Energy intake and expenditure of free-living, pregnant
Colombian women in an urban setting. DL Dufour,
JC Fteina, and GB Spurr 269


Sweet taste and intake of sweet foods in normal pregnancy
and pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes
mellitus. BJ Tepper and AC Seldner 277


Growth, development, and pediatrics
Effects of dietary viscosity and energy density on total daily
energy consumption by young Peruvian children.
VA Bennett, E Morales, J Gonzalez, JM Peerson,
G Lopez de Pomana, and KH Brown 285


Blood lipid concentrations of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic
acids at birth determine their relative postnatal changes in
term infants fed breast milk or formula. P Guesnet,
P Pugo-Gunsam, C Maurage, M Pinault, B Giraudeau,
J-M Alessandri, G Durand, J-M Antoine, and C Couet 292


Letters to the Editor 299

Errata 303

ASCN Announcements i

Calendar of Events ii


Editorials

177 Virtual folate: virtual success? IH Rosenberg
See corresponding article on page 198.


179 Variable bioavailability of carotenoids from vegetables. JW Erdman Jr
See corresponding article on page 261.


181 Maternal diet, length of gestation, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status of
infants at birth. SM lnnis
See corresponding article on page 292.


Review Article

183 Geriatric cachexia: the role of cytokines. S-S Yeh and MW Schuster
Special Article

198 Estimated folate intakes: data updated to reflect food fortification, increased
bioavailability, and dietary supplement use. CJ Lewis, NT Crane, DB Wilson,
and EA Yettey

Original Research Communications
Lipids and cardiovascular risk

208 Plasma lipid changes after supplementation with p-glucan fiber from yeast. R Nicolosi,
SJ Bell, BR Bistrian, I Greenberg, ftA Forse, and GL Blackburn

213 Influence of mental stress and circadian cycle on postprandial lipemia. C Le Fur,
M Romon, P Lebet, P Devos, A Lancry, L Guedon-Moreau, J-C Fruchart,
and J Dallongeville

221 Dietary protein and risk of ischemic heart disease in women. FB Hu, MJ Stampfer,
JE Manson, E Ftimm, GA Colditz, FESpeizer, CH Hennekens, and WC WiHett
Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition

228 Determination of skeletal muscle and fat-free mass by nuclear and dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry methods in men and women aged 51-84 y. FtD Hansen, C Paja,
A Aslani, PC Smith, and BJ Alien

Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals

234 Fortification with low amounts of folicacid makes a significant difference in folate status
in young women: implications for the prevention of neural tube defects. GJ Cuskelly,
H McNulty, and JM Scott


240 Inositol phosphates with different numbers of phosphate groups influence iron
absorption in humans. A'S Sandberg, M Brune, N-G Carlsson, L Hafiberg, E Skoglund,
and L Rossander-Hulth6n

247 Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations in plasma after dietary supplementation with egg
yolk. GJ Handelman, ZD Nightingale, AH Uchtenstein, EJ Schaefer, and JB Blumberg


252 Higher total homocysteine concentrations and lower folate concentrations in
premenopausal black women than in premenopausal white women. GT Gerhard,
MFi Malinow, TG DeLoughery, AJ Evans, G Sexton, SL Connor, FtC Wander,
and WE Connor

261 Bioavailability of lutein from vegetables is 5 times higher than that of p-carotene.
KH van het Hof, IA Brouwer, CE West, E Haddeman, RPM Steegers-Theunissen,
M van Dusseldorp, JA Weststrate, TKAB Eskes, and JGAJ Hautvast

Pregnancy and lactation

269 Energy intake and expenditure of free-living, pregnant Colombian women in an urban
setting. DL Dufour, JC Reina, and GB Spurr


277 Sweet taste and intake of sweet foods in normal pregnancy and pregnancy complicated
by gestational diabetes mellitus. BJ Tepperand AC Seldner

Growth, development, and pediatrics

285 Effects of dietary viscosity and energy density on total daily energy consumption by
young Peruvian children. VA Bennett, E Morales, J Gonzdlez, JM Peerson,
G Lopez de Rom ana, and KH Brown

292 Blood lipid concentrations of docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids at birth determine
their relative postnatal changes in term infants fed breast milk or formula. P Guesnet,
P Pugo-Gunsam, C Maurage, M Pinault, B Giraudeau, J-M Alessandri, G Durand,
J-M Antoine, and C Couet

Letters to the Editor

299 Hypermetabolism and progression of HIV infection. PP Garcfa Luna, P Serrano Aguayo,
MJ Jim6nez Exp6sito, AP Florit, P Garcfa Lorda, and J Satas Satvad6

300 Reply to PP Garcfa Luna et al. S Grinspoon

301 Reply to PP Garcfa Luna et al. SB Heyrnsfield and DP Kotler

301 Lactose maldigestion and calcium from dairy products. WB Grant

302 Reply to WB Grant. FL Suarez, J Adshead, JK Fume, and MD Levitt

303 Protein intake and the risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JB Lavine

303 Reply to JB Lavine. RG Munger, JFt Cerhan, and BC-H Chiu

303 Errata

i ASCN Announcements

ii Calendar of Events

_______________________________________

THE AMERICAN JOURNAL CLINICAL NUTRITION

VOLUME 70, NUMBER 3, SEPTEMBER 1999


Editorials


305 Mechanisms regulating leptin production: implications for control of energy balance.
PJ Havel
See corresponding article on page 321.


307 Whole grains and protection against coronary heart disease: what are the active
components and mechanisms? JW Anderson and TJ Hanna
See corresponding article on page 412.

Review Article

309 Potential interventions for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing
countries: improving nutrition. CG Victora, BR Kirkwood, A Ashworth, RE Black, S Rogers,
S Sazawal, H Campbell, and S Gove

Original Research Communications

Obesity and eating disorders

321 Effect of prolonged moderate and severe energy restriction and refeeding on plasma
leptin concentrations in obese women. BE Wisse, LA Camp field, EB Marliss, JA Morals,
Ft Tenenbaum, and R Gougeon
Lipids and cardiovascular risk


331 Heart rate variability and fatty acid content of blood cell membranes: a dose-response
study with n-3 fatty acids. JH Christensen, MS Christensen, J Dyerberg, and EB Schmidt
Nutritional status, dietary intake, and body composition

338 Long-term efficacy and safety of a new olive oil-based intravenous fat emulsion in
pediatric patients: a double-blind randomized study. 0 Goulet, S de Potter, H Antebi,
F Driss, V Cotomb, G Bereziat, L-G Alcindor, 0 Corriol, A Le Brun, G Dutot, D Forget,
V Perennec, and C Ricour

346 Alterations in body weight and composition consequent to 20 wk of endurance training:
the HERITAGE Family Study. JH Wilmore, JP Despres, PR Stanforth, S Mandel, T Rice,
J Gagnon, AS Leon, DC Rao, JS Skinner, and C Bouchard

Vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals

353 Dietary intake and iron status of Australian vegetarian women. MJ Ball and MA Bartlett

359 Screening of folate status with use of dried blood spots on filter paper. SD O'Broin and
EW Gunter


368 Response of vitamin K status to different intakes and sources of phylloquinone-rich foods:
comparison of younger and older adults. SL Booth, ME O'Brien-Morse, GE Dallal,
KW Davidson, and CM Gundberg

378 Prevalence of vitamin K deficiency in cystic fibrosis. M Rashid, P Dune, M Andrew,
D Kalnins, J Shin, M Corey, E Tullis, and PB Pencharz
Pregnancy and lactation


383 trans Fatty acids in human milk are inversely associated with concentrations of essential
all-cis n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and determine trans, but not n-6 and n~3, fatty acids in
plasma lipids of breast-fed infants. SM Innis and DJ King

Growth, development, and pediatrics

391 A randomized, community-based trial of the effects of improved, centrally processed
complementary foods on growth and micronutrient status of Ghanaian infants from 6 to
12 moot age. A Lartey, A Manu, KH Brown, JM Peerson, and KG Dewey


Aging

405 Aging, body composition, and lifestyle: the Fels Longitudinal Study. SS Quo, C Zeiler,
WC Chumlea, and RM Siervogel
Nutritional epidemiology and public health


412 Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: results from the Nurses'
Health Study. S Liu, MJ Stampfer, FB Hu, E Giovannucci, E Rimm, JE Manson,
CH Hennekens, and WC Willett

Letters to the Editor

420 Genetically unknown foods or thrifty genes? R Baschetti

421 Reply to R Baschetti. LO Schuiz, P Bennett, C Fox, and E Ravussin

422 Validation of dietary patterns assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire. M Tseng

422 Reply to M Tseng. FB Hu and WC WHIett

423 Very-low-fat diets do not necessarily promote small, dense LDL particles. JJ Kenney,
FtJ Bamard, and S Inkeles

424 Reply to JJ Kenney et al. DM Dreon, HA Femstrom, PT Williams, and RM Krauss

425 Erratum

Book Reviews


426 The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health, 2nd ed,
by Gerald F Combs Jr. Reviewed by DB McCormick

426 Nutrition in the Community: The Art and Science of Delivering Services, 4th ed, by AL Ow^n,
PL Splett, and GM Owen. Reviewed by J Dwyer F

i ASCN Announcements

ii Calendar of Events



_______________________________________

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION


VOLUME 70, NUMBER 3 (S) , SEPTEMBER 1999

Third International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition

429S Preface. PK Johnston and J Sabat6

430S Appreciation.

431S Recognition. PK Johnston

433S Dedication. PK Johnston
Keynote address


434S Convergence of philosophy and science: the Third International Congress on
Vegetarian Nutrition. WC WUIett

Plant foods and human health
Legumes and cereals


439S Legumes and soybeans: overview of their nutritional profiles and health effects.
MJ Messina


451S Cereals, legumes, and chronic disease risk reduction: evidence from epidemiologic
studies. LH Kushi, KA Meyer, and DR Jacobs Jr

459S Plausible mechanisms for the protectiveness of whole grains. JL Slavin, MC Martini,
DFt Jacobs Jr, and L Marquart

464S Cardiovascular and renal benefits of dry bean and soybean intake. JWAnderson,
BM Smith, and CS Washnock

Fruit and vegetables

475S Health effects of vegetables and fruit: assessing mechanisms of action in human
experimental studies. JW Lampe


491S Health-promoting properties of common herbs. WJ Craig
Nuts and oils

500S Nut consumption, vegetarian diets, ischemic heart disease risk, and all-cause
mortality: evidence from epidemiologic studies. J Sabate'


504S Nuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that
affect disease risk. PM Kris-Etherton, S Yu-Poth, J Sabate, HE Ffatcliffe, G Zhao,
and TD Etherton

512S The role of dietary fats in plant-based diets. AM Coulston


Epidemiologic studies of vegetarians


516S Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative
analysis of 5 prospective studies. TJA Key, GE Eraser, M Thorogood, PN Appleby,
V Beral, G Reeves, ML Burr, J Chang-Claude, R Frentzel-Beyme, JW Kuzma,
J Mann, and K McPherson


525S The Oxford Vegetarian Study: an overview. PN Appleby, M Thorogood, Jl Mann,
and TJA Key

532S Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and
all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists.
GE Eraser

Nutrition and health issues of vegetarians

539S Plant-based diets and bone health: nutritional implications. JJB Anderson

543S Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet.
CM Weaver, WR Proulx, and R Heaney


549S Vegetarianism and menstrual cycle disturbances: is there an association?
SI Barr

555S Essential fatty acid requirements of vegetarians in pregnancy, lactation, and infancy.
TAB Sanders
560S Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. AP Simopoulos

570S Physical fitness and vegetarian diets: is there a relation? DC Nieman


Descriptive and therapeutic intervention studies

576S Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B-12) status in Seventh-day Adventist ministers in
Australia. D Hokin and T Butler \

579S Growth, development, and physical fitness of Flemish vegetarian children, ^
adolescents, and young adults. M Hebbelinck, P Clarys, and A De Malsche '

586S Dietary intake and biochemical, hematologic, and immune status of vegans
compared with nonvegetarians. EH Haddad, LS Berk, JD Kettering, RW Hubbard,
and WFt Peters


594S Rheumatoid arthritis treated with vegetarian diets. J Kjeldsen-Kragh
Trends, analysis, and options

601S Publication trends of vegetarian nutrition articles in biomedical literature, 1966-1995.
J Sabate, A Duk, and CL Lee

608S Complex systems model of dietary choice with implications for improving diets and
promoting vegetarianism. CVPhillips

Applications

615S Vegetarian food guide pyramid: a conceptual framework. EH Haddad, J Sabat6,
and CG Whitten

620S Convergence of plant-rich and plant-only diets. J Dwyer

Abstracts of short oral and poster presentations

623S I Diet and chronic disease

626S II Nutritional status and life cycle issues

630S III Biochemical and clinical outcomes

633S IV Applied vegetarian nutrition