__________________________________________

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGIENE

VOL. 61, NO. 1(SUP), JULY 1999

CONTENTS

Another Tliskegee?—Charles Weijer 1


A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodiumfn f ciparum'. development ofpara-
sitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection—William E. Collins and Geoffrey M. Jeffery 4


A retrospective examination of secondary sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodiurnfalciparum: development
of parasitologic and clinical immunity following secondary infection—William E. Collins and Geoffrey M. Jeffery . 20


A retrospective examination of sporozoite- and trophozoite-induced infections with Plasmodium fah'iparum in patients previously
infected with heterologous species of Plasmodium: effect on development of parasitologic and clinical immunity—William E.
Collins and Geoffrey M. Jeffery 36

A retrospective examination of the patterns of recrudescence in patients infected with Plasinodiurnfalciparum—William E. Collins
and Geoffrey M. Jeffery - —-.---—--„ 44

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGIENE

VOL. 61, NO. 3(SUP), SEPTAMBER 1999

CONTENTS


Officers &: Committees...................................................................................................... 6

Registration Information..................................................................................................... 9

Sponsors............................................................................................................................... 10

Exhibitors............................................................................................................................. 10

Late Breakers in Molecular Biology....................................................................................... 11

Late Breakers in Clinical Tropical Medicine.......................................................................... 11

Meet the Professor Sessions.......................................................................................................11

Audiovisual Facilities.............................................................................................................. 12

Messages and Emergency Calls....................................................................... ...................... 12

Employment Opportunities......................................................................................................... 12

Poster Presentations.................................................................................................................. 13

Continuing Medical Education.....................................................................................................13

ASTMH 2000 Annual Meeting................................................................................................... 13

ASTMH Travel Grant Awardees.................................................................................................14

SUMMARY OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM................................................................................. 15

DETAILED SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM.........................................................................................23

ABSTRACTS............................................................................................................................ 149

AUTHOR INDEX.........................................................................................................................503

__________________________________________

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGIENE

VOLUME 60, NOUMBER 1, JANUARY 1999

1999 Advertising Information........................................................................................................................................................................i

Instructions to Authors.................................................................................................................................................................................iii
Author Checklist..........................................................................................................................................................................................iv
iv

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Predicting mosquito repellent potency of N,N-diethyl-w-toluamide (DEET) analogs from molecular electronic properties—Da Ma,
Apurba K. Bhattacharjee, Raj K. Gupta, and Jean M. Karle ....................................................................................................................1

BASIC/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Stimulation of Plasmodium jalciparnm gametocytogenesis by conditioned medium from parasite cultures—J. L. Williams ...............................7

Application of genetic markers to the identification of recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum infections on the northwestern border
of Thailand—A. Brockman, R. E. L. Paul, T. J. C. Anderson, 1. Hackford, L. Phaiphun, S. Looareesuwan, F. Nosten, and
K.P. Day...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Linkage of a gene causing malaria refractoriness to Diphenn! oxidase-AI on chromosome 3 of Anopheles gamhiae—Patricia Ro-
mans, William C. Black IV, Richard K. Sakai, and Robert W. Gwadz .................................................................................................... 22

Limited genetic diversity of Pilninodium falciparum in field isolates from Honduras—Diana Haddad, Georges Snounoii, Deilise
Mattel, lrma Gloria Enamorado, Julio Figueroa, Stefan Stahl, and Klavs Berzins................................................................................................. 30

Bacterial expression of a neutralizing mouse rnonoclonal antibody Fab fragment to a 150-kilodalton surface antigen of Enta-
moeba htstotytica—Hiroshi Tachibana, Masataka Takekoshi, Xun-Jia Cheng, Fumiko Maeda, Satoshi Aotsuka, and

Leeishmailia spp.: completely defined medium without serum and macromolecules (CDM/LP) for the continuous in vitro cultivation
of infective promastigote forms—Timothee Merlen, Denis Sereno, Nathalie Brajon, Florence Rostand, and Jean-Loup

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Infection of sand flies by humans coinfected with Leishmania injantum and human immunodeficiency virus—Ricardo Molina, Jean
M. Lohse, Federico Pulido, Fernando Laguna, Rogelio Lopez-Velez, and Jorge Alva................................................................................ 51

Short report: Epidemiologic studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis in eastern Panama—Howard A. Christensen, Ana Maria de Vas-
quez, and John L. Petersen................................................................................................................................................................................ 54 54

Human granulocytic ehriichiosis in Bulgaria—lva S. Christova and J. Stephen Dumler ...................................................................................... 58

Detection of the agents of human ehriichioses in lxodid ticks from California—Vicki L. Kramer, Mark P. Randolph, Lucia T.
Hiii, William E. lrwin, Anthony G. Gutierrez, and Due J. Vugia ..................................................................................................................... 62

Trichinellosis in the United States, 1991-1996: declining but not gone—Andrew Moorhead, Paul E. Grunenwald, Vance J. Dietz,
and Peter M. Schantz ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 66

Case-control study of seropositivity for cysticercosis in Cuenca, Ecuador—Karyn A. Goodman, Susan A. Ballagh, and Arturo

Hantavirus (Bunyaviridae) infections in rodents from Orange and San Diego Counties, California—Stephen G. Bennett, James P.
Webb Jr„ Minoo B. Madon, James E. Childs, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Norah Torrez-Martinez, and Brian Hjelle ......................................... 75

PATIIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS

Proinflammatory cytokines and elastase-cx-l-antitrypsin in Argentine hemorrhagic fever—R. F. Marta, V. S. Montero, C. E. Hack,
A. Sturk, J. 1. Maiztegui, and F. C. Molinas ........................................................................................................................................................ 85

Attachment of Burkholderia pseudomallei to pharyngeal epithelial cells: a highly pathogenic bacteria with low attachment ability—
Kamruddin Ahmed, Hernan D. R. Enciso, Hiroiiori Masaki, Misao Tao, Akemi Ornori, Prasit Tharavichikul, and Tsu-
yoshi Nagatake.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 90

Detection of light subunit neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein in cerebrospinal fluid of Trypanosoina brucei gambiense-
infected patients—V. Lejon, L. E. Rosengren, P. Buscher, J.-E. Karlsson, and H. N. Sema .................................................................................. 94

Low levels of fibrin-stabilizing factor (factor XIII) in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria: correlation with clinical severity—
Friedrich Georg Ernst Hoist, Christoph Josef Hemmer, Christian Foth, Rainer Seitz, Rudolf Egbring, and Manfred
Dietrich ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 99

DRUG STUDIES

In vitro susceptibility of African isolates of Plusmndiumfalciparum from Gabon to pyronaridine—B. Pradines, M. Mabika Mam-
foumbi, D. Parzy, M. Owono Medang, C. Lebeau, J. R. Mourou Mbina, J. C. Doury, and M. Kombila ............................................................. 105

____________________________________________

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene

vol : 60, no :3 march 1999

VACCINE STUDIES
an intranasal challenge model for testing japanese encephalitis vaccines in rhesus monkeys- boonyos raengsakulrach,
ananda nisalak, montip gettayacamin, vipa thirawuth, g. david young , khin saw aye myint , laura m. ferguson , charles ,
h. Hoke Jr., Bruce L. Innis, and David W. Vaughn ....................................................................................................329

production of lethal infecftion that resembles fatal human disease by intranasal inoculation of macaques with
japanese encephalitis virus- khin saw aye myint, boonyos reangsakulrach, G. David Young, montip gettayacamin
laura m. ferguson, Bruce L. Innis, Charles H. Hoke Jr., and David W. Vaughn.............................................................338

safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of NYVAC-JEV and ALVAC-JEV recombinant japanese encephalitis
vaccines in rhesus monkeys- Boonyos Raengsakulrach, Ananda Nisalac, Montip Gettayacamin, V IPA Thirawuth,
G. David Young, Khin Saw Aye Myint, Laura M. Fergouson, Charles H. Hoke Jr., L. & David W. Vaughn....343

Testing the efficali of a recombinant merozoite surface protein ( MSP-119) of plasmodium vivax in saimiri boliviensis
monkeys--William E. Collins, David C. Kaslow, Joann S. Sullivan, Carla L. Morris, G. Galland, Cunfu Yang, Ae M.
Saekhou, Lihua Xiao, and Altaf A. Lal...................................................................................................................350

IMMUNOLOGY
Longevof naturally acquired antibody responses to the N- and C- terminal regions of plasmodium vivax
merozoite surface protein 1---Irene S. Soares, Maristela Gomes da Cunha, Marcelo Nunes Silva, jose M.
Souza, Hernando A. del Portillo, and Mauricio M. Rodrigues.................................................................................357

BASIC/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Population stature of the primary malaria vector in South America , anopheles darlingi, using isozyme, random amplified
polymorphic DNA, internal transcribid spacer 2, and morphologic markers---Sylvie Manguin Richard C. Wilkerson
Jan E. Conn, Yasmin rubio-palis, James A. D.anoff, and Donald R. Roberts.........................................................364

Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation among triatomine vectors of chagas disease ---Daniel F. Lyman, Fernando
A. Monterio, Ananias A. Esscalante, Celia Cordon-Rosales, Dawn M. Wesson, Jean-pierre Dujardin, and Charles
B. Beard.....................................................................................................................................................................377

eastern equine encephalitis virus in birds: relative competence of European starl.ngs (Sturnus vulgaris)-Nicholas Komar, David ^
J. Dohm, Michael J. Turell, and Andrew Spielman.......................................................................................................387

APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
The effect of iron on the toxigenicity of Vibrio cholerae-Mrudula Patel and Margaretha Isaacson .................................392

CLINICAL STUDIES
Reliability of parental history of antibiotic use for filipino children admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infection
Lydia Sombrero, maria Elinor Sunico, Beatriz Quiambado, Marilla Lucero, Salvacion Gatchalian, Maija Leinones
and Petri Ruutu..........................................................................................................................................................397

Intestinal blockage by carcinoma and Blastocystis hominis. infection-Noriyuki Horiki, Yoshimasa Kaneda,
MasatakaMaruyama, Yoshiyuki Fujita, and Hiroshi Tachibana.....................................................................................400

Recovery of a second instar Gasterophilus larva in a human infant: a case report-Lynn A. Royce, Philippe A. Rossignol,
MichaelL. Kubitz, and F. Randell Burton......................................................................................................................403

Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata-R. F. Lazo, E. Hidalgo, ^
J E tazo, A. Bermeo, M. Llaguno, J. Murillo, and V. P. A. Teixeira...............................................................................405

Plasmodium falciparum clinical malana in Dieimo, a holoendemic area in senegal: no influence of acquired immunity on
initial symptomatology and severity of malaria attacks—C. Rogier, A. B. Ly, A. Tall, B. cisse, and J.F. Trape...............410


MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
malaria vectors in a traditional dry zone village in Sri Lanka-Priyanie H. Amerasinghe, Felix P. Amerasinghe, Flensing
Konradsen, Kapila T. Fonseka, and Robert A. Wirtz......................................................................................................421

Potential for evolution of California serogroup bunyaviruses by genome reassortment in aedes albopictus-L. L- Cheng, .J. D. ^
Rodas, K. T. Schultz, B. M. Christensen, T. M. Yuill, and B. A. Israel............................................................................430

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Isolation of Thogoto virus (OrthomyXOViridae) from the banded mongoose, Mongos mungo (Herpestidac), in Uganda-Asaph Ogen-
Odoi, Barry R. Miller, Christine M. Happ, Gary 0. Maupin, and Thomas R. Burkot..........................................................439

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AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYCHIENE

VOLUME 60, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY 1999

1999 Advertising Information............................................................................................................................................................................................... i
Instructions to Authors ........................................................................................................................................................................................................iii

Author Checklist -...............................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

Comparison of a parasite lactate dehydrogenase-based immunochroinatographic antigen detection assay (OptiMALQ with microscopy
for the detection of malaria parasites in human blood samples—Angela Hunt Cooke, Peter L. Chiodini, Tom Doherty,
Anthony H. Moody, Junita Ries, and Margaret Pinder ............................................................................................................................................... 173


Comparison of five methods of malaria detection in the outpatient setting—0. E. Lema, J. Y. Carter, N. Nagelkerke, M. W. Wangai,
P. Kittenge, S. M. Gikunda, P. A. Arube, C. G. Munafu, S. F. Matcru, C. A. Adhiambo, and H. K. Mukunza .........................................................177

Semi-nested, multiplex polyrncrase chain reaction for detection of human malaria parasites and evidence of Plasmodium vivox
infection in Equatorial Guinea—J. M. Rubio, A. Benito, J. Roche, P. J. Berzosa, M. L. Garcia, M. Mico, M. Edu, and J.
Alvar...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 183


Differential serodiagnosis for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis using fractions of Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid (antigen
B) and E. multilfH'ufaris proloscolex (Eml8)—Akira lto, Liang Ma, Peter M. Schantz, Bruno Gottstein, Yue-Han Liu,
Jun-Jie Chai, Sami K. Abdel-Hafez, Nazmiye Altintas, Durga D. Joshi, Marshall W. Lightowlers, and Zbigniew S.
Pawlowski ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 188


Differential immunodiagnosis between cystic hydatid disease and other cross-reactive pathologies—Danielic Poretti, Erika Felle-
isen, Felix Grimin, Marc Pfister, Francoise Teuscher, Christian Zuercher, Jorg Reichen, and Bruno Gottstein .........................................................193

Development of a serologic assay to detect Taenia xnUum taeniasis—Patricia P. Wilkins, James C. Allan, Manuela Verastegui,
Mariela Acosta, Adam G. Eason, H. Hugo Garcia, Armando E. Gonzalez, Robert H. Gilman, and Victor C. W. Tsang .............................................. 199

Chagas' disease diagnosis: comparative analysis of parasitologic, molecular, and serologic methods—Monica E. Gomes, Lucia M.
C. Galvao, Andrea M. Macedo, Sergio D. J. Pena, and Egler Chiari................................................................................................................................ 205

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for IgA antibodies to Tr\fM1w'ioma cruu in congenital infection—M. Cecilia Di Pentima and
Morven S. Edwards ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 205

CLINICAL STUDIES

Acute Chagas' disease in western Venezuela: a clinical, seroparasitologic, and epidemiologic study—Nestor Anez, Hugo Carrasco,
Henry Parada, Gladys Crisante, Agustina Rojas, Nestor Gonzalez,, Jose Luis Ramirez, Palmira Guevara, Christian
Rivero, Rafael Borges, and Jose Vincente Scorza................................................................................................................................................................... 215

Pathogenesis of cancrum oris (noma): confounding interactions of malnutrition with infection—Cyril 0. Enwonwu, William A.
Falkler, Jr., Emmanuel 0. Idighe, M. B. Afolabi, M. lhrahim, D. Onwujekwe, K. 0. Savage, and V. 1. Meeks ...................................................................... 223

Treatment of malarial acute renal failure by hemodialysis—Polrat Wilairatana, Eli K. Westerlund, Boonrut Aursudkij, Suparp
Vannaphan, Srivicha Krudsood, Parnpen Viriyavejakul, Watcharee Chokejindachai, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Prance
Srisuriya, Victor R. Gordeuk, Gary M. Brittenbain, Guy Neild, and Sornchai Looareesuwan ............................................................................................... 233

DRUG STUDIES

A randomized, double-blind, comparative trial of a new oral combination of artemether and benflumetol (CGP 56697) with meflo-
quine in the treatment of acute Plaxmndium ffllcipnruin malaria in Thailand—S. Looareesuwan, P. Wilairatana, W. Choke-
jindachai, K. Chalermrut, W. Wernsdorfer, B. Gemperii, 1. Gathmann, and C. Royce .............................................................................................................. 238

The pharmacokinetics of artemisinin after administration of two different suppositories to healthy Vietnamese subjects—Richard
Koopmans, Le Dang Ha, Dao Dinh Due, Tran Khac Dien, Piet A. Kager, Nguyen Xuan Khanh, Chris J. van Boxtel, and
Peter J de Vries ..................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................ 244

PATHOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS

Serum levels of thrombomodulin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-I, and E-selectin in the acute
phase of Plasmodium vivax malaria—Kenji Ohnishi ......................................................................................................................................................................... 248

Short report: Granulomatous inflammatory response to recombinant filarial proteins of Brugia species—U. R. Rao, C. Nasarre, S.
U. Coleman, D. W. Horohov, and T. R. Klei ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 251

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Short report: Neurocysticercosis in an Italian traveler to Latin America—Giuseppina Chatel, Maurizio Gulletta, Caria Scolari,
Enrico Bombana, Issa EI-Hamad, Alberto Matteelli, and Giampero Carosi......................................................................................................................................... 255

Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections with special reference to Enlamoeha histolytica on the island of Bioko (Equatorial
Guinea)—J. Roche and A. Benito............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 257

A case-control study of risk factors for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Navajo children—Mark C. Wolff, Lawrence H.
Molilton, Wendy Newcomer, Raymond Reid, and Mathuram Santosham ........................................................................................................................................................ 263

____________________________________________

_________________________________________

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGINE

VOL: 60, NO: 5, MAY 1999

1999 Advertising Information......................................................................................................................................................................... i

Instructions to Alithors/Aullior Checklist .................................................................................................................................................... iii
PATHOLOGY/PATHOGKNESIS

Morphometry and acetylcholinestenise activity of the myenteric neurons of the mouse colon in the chronic phase of experimental
Tryptinosomn (•ru;.i infection—Laura Beatriz Mesiano MaiFrino, Edson Aparecido Liberti, li-Sei Watanabe, and Romeu
Rodrigues de Souza ............................................................................................................................................................................... 721

Myocardial parasite persistence in chronic chiigasic patients—Nestor Anez, Hugo Carrasco, Henry Parada, Gladys Crisante,
Aglistina Rojas, Carmen Flienniayur, Nestor Gonzalez, Gloria Percoco, RaFael Borges, Palmira Guevara, and Jose Luis
Ramirez ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 726

Red blood cell detormahility as a predictor of anemia in severe falciparum malaria--A. M. Dondorp, B. J. Angus, K. Chotivanich,
K. Silaimit, R. Rliangveerayuth, M. R. llardeman, P. A. Kager, J. Vrecken, and N. J. White ................................................................. 733

DIAGNOS'IIC STUDIES

Short report: Diagnosis of tick-horne relapsing fever by the qliantitative buffy coat fluorescence method—Giuseppina Chatel,
Maurizio Gulletta, Alherto Mattcelli, Antuiiflla Marangoiii, IJana Signorini, Oladayo Oladeji, and Silvio Caligaris ................................................. 738

Ulility of the polymerase chain reliction in dclection of Tryi-xwosonul (i-uv in Guatemalan Chagas' disease vectors—P. L. Dorn,
D. Engelke, A. Rodas, R. Resales, S. Melgar, B. Uraliney, J. Flores, and C. Monroy ................................................................................ 740

Short report: Diagnosis of human fasciohasis: detection of anticalhepsin L antibodies in blood samples collected on filter paper—
Wilma Sirauss, Sandra M. O'Neill, Mkliael Parkinson, Rene Angles, and John P. Dalton ......................................................................... 746

Short report: lmnuinodiagnosis of human fascioliasis using rccoiiibinant l-'asciofn hcfwlicci cathepsin LI cysteine proteinase—Sandra
M. O'Neill, Michael Parkinson, Andrew J. Dowd, Wiliiia Strauss, Rene Angles, and John P. Dalton ........................................................................749

EPIDEMIOLOGY

No serologic evidence of an association found between Gulf War Service and Mycopkl.smafermentarn infection—Gregory C. Gray,
Kevin S. Kaiser, Anthony W. llawksworth, and Harold L. Watson ....................................................................................................................752

Increased postwar symptoms and psychological moribity among U.S. Navy Gulf War veterans—Gregory C. Gray, Kevin S.
Kaiser, Anthony W. Hawkswortk, Frank W. Hall, and Elizabeth Barrett-Connor ............................................................................................ 758

Differentia] perpetuation of malaria species among Ainazonian Yanoinaini Amerindians—Kayla F. Laserson, David Wypij,lzaskun
Petralanda, Andrew Spielman, and James H. Maguire............................................................................................................................................ 767

Effect of chemotherapy on malaria transmission among Yanoniami Amerindians: simulated consequences of placebo treatment—
Jonathan Freeman, Kayla F. Laserson, lzaskun Pelralaiida, and Andrew Spielman .............................................................................................774

Vcctor-i-eliited casc-coiiliol study oF severe malaria in Kilili District, Kenya- Charles N. M. Mhogo, Ephantus W. Kabiru, Gregory
E. Glass, Dayo Forster, Robert W. Snow. Canute P. M. Khainala, John H. Ourna, John 1. Githure, Kevin Marsh, and
John C. Bcier _............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 781

Rickeitsul serosurvey in Kiniberley, Western Ausiralia—Stephen Graves, Ling Wang, Zoltan Nack, and Sharon Jones -............................................. 786

Decreased seroprevalence for Toxoplaima gondii in Seventh Day Adventists in Maryland—Mary-Claire Roghmann, Charles T.
Faulkner, Alan Lefkowitz, Sharon Patton, JefT Ziminerinan, and J. Glenn Morris, Jr. ......................................................................................... 790

Risk factors for infection with Toxoplasma gondii for residents and workers on swine farms in Illinois—R. M. Weigel, J. P. Dubey,
D. Dyer, and A. M. Siegel .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 793

Survey of Bartonelfa species infecting intradomicillary animals in the lluayllacallan Valley, Ancash, Peru, a region endemic for
human bartonellosis—Richard J. Birtles, Juan Canalcs, Palmira Ventosilla, Eugenia Alvarez, Humberto Guerra, Alejandro
Llanos-Cuentas, Didier Rarrison............................................................................................................................................................................... 799

Seroepidemiology of California and Bunyaniwera serogrolip (Bunyaviridae) virus infections in native populations of Alaska—Laurel
L. Walters, Shirley J. Tirrell, and Robert E. Shope .................................................................................................................................................... 806

Emergence of Schistosoma namsoni infection in Upper Egypt: the Giza governorale—Maha Talaat, Afaf EI-Ayyat, Hanan Ali
Sayed, and F. DeWolle Miller.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 822

Seroepidemiology of schistosomiasis in Puerto Rico: evidence for vanishing endemicity—George V. Hillyer and Maricelis Soler
de Galancs ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ....827

DRUG STUDIES

Prophylactic activity of atovaquone against Plasmodium frilciparum in humans—Theresa A. Shapiro, Channa D. Ranasinha,
Nirbhay Kumar, and Patricia Barditch-Crovo ................................................................................................................................................................. 831
__________________________________________

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGIENE

VOL, 61, NO. 1, JULY 1999



1999 Advertising Information i

Instructions to Authors iii

Author Checklist iv

Letters to the Editor:
Schantz, Wilkins, Tsang,—Chatel, Gulletta, Scolari, Matteelli 1

MODELING

Predicting malalia infection in (3amhian children From satellite data and bed net use surveys: the importance of spatial correlation
in the interpretation ol results -Miideleine C. Thomson, Stephen .1. Connor, Uniherto D'Alcssandro, Barry Rowlingson,
Peter Diggle, Mark Cressvvell, and Brian Greenwood 2

PATHOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS

Expression of rnetalloproteinases (MMP-I, MMP-2, and MMP-9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-I and TIMP-2) in schistosoinal portal
fibrosis—Oaniel E. Goniez, Mariana S. De Lorenzo, Daniel F. Alon^o, and Zilton A. Andrade 9

Temporal recruitment of neutrophils and ec^sinophils to the skin in a murine model for onchocercal dermatitis—Eric Peariman,
Christine A. Garhart, David J. Grand, Eugenia Diaconu, Ellen R. Strine, and Laurie R. Hall 14


Susceptibility of Panamanian Aolns h'mut'inns lcinunnns to sporozoite-induced Plasmodium falciparum (Santa Lucia) infection—
Robert A. Gramzinski, Nicanor Ohaldia III, Trevor R. Jones, Richard N. Rossan, William E. Collins, Denise 0. Garrett,
AltafA. Lal, and Stephen L. Hoffman 19

CLINICAL STUDIES

Polyclonal anti-tumor necrosis factor-a Fab used as an ancillary treatment for severe malaria—S. Looareesuwan, L. Sjostrom, S.
Krudsood, P. Wilairatana, R. S. Porter, F. Hills, and D. A. Warrell 26


Melioidosis with adrenal gland abscess—Sai-Cheong Lee, Tiing-Soon Ling, Jih-Chang Chen, Bi-Yu Huang, and Wen-Bin
Sheih 34


Seroprevalence of Helicohaclci- pylori among Egyptian newborns and their mothers: a preliminary report—Samir Bassily, Robert
W. Frenck, Emad W. Mohareb, Thomas Wierzba, Stephen Savarino, Eric Hall, Amira Kotkat, Abdollah Naficy, Kenneth
C. Hyams, and John Clemens 37


Influence of sex on clinical features, laboratory findings, and complications of typhoid fever—Mohammad Khan, Yacoob
Mahomed Coovadia, Catherine Connolly, and Adriaan Willem Storm 41


The role of corticosteroids in the treatment of cerebral schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni: case report and discussion—
Robert Fowler, Christine Lee, and Jay S. Keystone 47

Human Gon^yloncma infection in a resident of New York City—Mark L. Eberhard and Christopher Busillo 51
EPIDEIVHOLOGY


A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up—Gary J. Well, Reda
M. R. Ramzy, Maged El Setouby, Amr M. Kandil, Ehab S. Ahmed, and Rifky Faris 53


Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis in Maputo, Mozambique—Manuela Vilhena, Manuela Santos, and Jorge Torgal 59

Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks and transmission in British Columbia, Canada—Corinne S. L. Ong, Diane
L. Eisler, Swee llan Goli, Joan Tomblin, Fatib M. Awad-EI-Kariem, Charles B. Beard, Lihua Xiao, Irshad Sulaiman,
Altaf Lal, Murray Fyfe, Arlene King, William R. Bowie, and Judith L. Isaac-Renton 63

Short report: Prevalence of antibodies against spotted fever, murine typhus, and Q fever rickettsiae in humans living in Zambia—
Tamaki Okabayashi, Futoshi Hasebe, Kenny L. Sarnui, Aaron S. Mweene, Shanker G. Pandey, Tsuyoshi Yanase,
Yasukazu Muramatsu, Hiroshi Ueno, and Chiharu Morita 70

Seroepidemiologic survey of Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia r\'phi, and TT118 spotted fever group rickettsiae in rubber estate
workers in Malaysia—Tay Sun Tee, Muniady Kamalanathan, Koay Ai Suan, Siew Sow Chun, Ho Tze Ming, Rohani Md
Yasin, and Shamala Devi 73

The epidemiology of Japanese encephalitis on Taiwan during 1966-1997—Ying-Chang Wu, Yaw-Shyong Huang, Li-Jung Chien,
Tsuey-Li Lin, Yi-Yung Yueh, Wuu-Luh Tseng, Kwo-Jimg Chang, and Gong-Ren Wang 78


Markedly high seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in comparison to hepatitis C virus and human T lymphotropic virus
type-1 infections in selected Solomon Islands populations—Norihiro Furusyo, Jun Hayashi, Kyoji Kakuda, Yasunori
Sawayama, lwao Ariyama, Ricky Eddie, and Seizaburo Kashiwagi 85


Isolation and genetic characterization of a hantavirus (Bunyaviridae: Hantavirus) from a rodent, 0li^nry'z.omys microlis (Muridae),
collected in northeastern Peru—Ann M. Powers, David R. Mercer, Douglas M. Watts, Hilda Guzman, Charles F. Fulhorst,
Vscvolod L. Popov, and Robert B. Tesh 92


Relationships between malaria prevalence and malaria-related morbidity in school children from two villages in central africa-
Philippe Deloron, Pascal Ringwald, Adrian J. F. luty, Andre Renaut, Trinh Ngoc Minh, .Ivan Robert Mhvssy, and Pascal
Millet 99



Genetic polymorphism ol' laleipamm malaria vaccine candidate antigen genes among held isolates in India—Manoranjan R. Ranjit
and Yagya D. Sharnia 103


Short report: Entomologic inoculation rates and Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence in Africa-—John C. Beier, gerry F.
Killeen, and John L Githure 109

DRUG STUDIES

Efficacy and tolerability of a low-dose mefloquine-sulfadox-pyrimethamine combination compared will) chloroquine in tlie treat-
ment of acute malaria infection in a population with multiple drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum -E. N..U.Ezedinachi, O.
J. Ekanem, C, M. Chukwuani, M. M. Meremikwu, E. A. Ojar, A. A. A. Alaribe, A. B. Umotong, and 1.. Haller 114


Chemotherapy of malaria and resistance to antimalarial drugs in Guayana area, Venezuela—Alejandro Caraballo and Alexis
Rodriguez-Acosta
120


BASIC/IVIOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plasmodium falciparum: selection of serine 108 of dihydrofolate redlictase during treatment of uncomplicated malaria with co-
trimoxazole in Ugandan children—T. Jelinek, A. H. D. Kilian, J. Curtis, M. T. Duraisingh, G. Kabagambe, F. von
Sonnenburg,and D. C. Warhurst 125


Identification and analysis of dihydrofolate reductase alleles from Plasmodium falciparum present at low frequency in polyclonal
patient samples—-Somnath Mookherjee, Vincent Howard, Alexis Nzila-Molianda, William VVatkins, and Carol Hopkins
Sibley 131

IMMUNOLOGY

Human immune responses to the highly repetitive Plasmodium falciparum antigen pf332-Asli Kulane, Abu Bakar Siddique,
Jean-Louis Sarthou, Adama Tall, Alioune Dieye, Hedvig Perimann, Peter Perlinann, Marita Troye-Blomberg, and Nikias
Abiborg 141

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY


Breeding structure of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva) in Brazil—John-Paul Mutebi, Bruce Alexander, Italo
Sherlock, Jose Wellington, Adelson A. Souza, Jeffrey Shaw, Elizabeth F. Rangel, and Gregory C. Lanzaro 149


Epidemic O'Nyong-Nyong fever in southcentral Uganda, 1996-1997: entomologic studies in Bbaale village. Rakai District—Julian
Julius Lutwama, Jonathan Kayondo, Harry M. Savage, Thomas R. Burkot, and Barry R. Miller 158


VACCINE STUDIES

Considerations regarding mass vaccination against typhoid fever as an adjunct to sanitation and public health measures: potential
use in an epidemic in Tajikistan—Philip E. Tarr, Lianne Kuppens, Thomas C. Jones, Bernard lvanoff, Petr G. Aparin,
and David L. Heymann 163


DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

Characterization ofrnonoclonal antibodies to an immunodominant protein of the etiologic agent of human granulocytic chilichiosis—
M. Dana Ravyn, Lana J. Lamb, Ronald Jemmerson, Jesse L. Goodman, and Russell C. Johnson 171

Erratum
177

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGIENE

VOL. 61, NO. 2, AUGUST 1999


1999 Advertising Inlormation
i

Instructions to Authors
iii

Author Checklist
iv

Letters to the Editor
179

DRUG STUDIES

Acceleration of viral replication and up-regulation of cytokine levels by antimalarials: implications in rnalaria-endemic areas-
Pankaj Seth, haresh Mani, Anoop K. Singh, Krishna K. Banaudha, Subhashree Madhavan, Gurmel S. Sidhu, Jaya P.
Gaddipati, Stefanie N. Vogel, and Radha K. Maheshwari 180

in vitro activity of dihydroartemisinin against clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum in Yaounde, Cameroon—Pascal Ringwald,
Jean Bickii, and Leonardo K. Basco 187

In vitro and in vivo activity of amphotericin B-lipid formulations against experimental Trypanosoina cruzi infections—Vanessa
Yardley and Simon L. Croft 193

GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

Clinical analysis and parasite genetic diversity in human immunodeficiency virus/Chagas' disease coinfections in Brazil—Lorena
Perez-Rainirez, Christian Barnabe, Ana Marli C. Sartori, Marcelo S. Ferreira, Jose E. Toiezano, Elizabeth V. Nunes,
Marcius K. Burgarelli, Aguinaldo C. Silva, Maria A. Shikanai-Yasuda, Josue N. Lima, Alda M. Da-Cruz, Oswaldo C.
Oliveira, Carmen Guilherme, Brigitte Bastrenta, and Michel Tibayrenc 198

PATHOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS

Application of cardiac gated magnetic resonance imaging in murine Chagas' disease—Linda A. Jelicks, Jamshid Shirani, Murray
Wittner, Madhulika Chandra, Louis M. Weiss, Stephen M. Factor, lddil Bekirov, Vicki L. Braunstein, John Chan, Huan
Huang, and Herbert B. Tanowitz 207

Urine circulating soluble egg antigen in relation to egg counts, hematuria, and urinary tract pathology before and after treatment in
children infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Kenya—Anthony 1. Kahama, Adel E. Odek, Ruth W. Kihara, Birgitte
J. Vennervald, Yeri Kombe, Titus Nkulila.Christoph F. Hatz, John H. Ourna, and Andre M. Deelder 215


Sequence analysis of the small RNA segment of guinea pig-passaged Pichinde virus variants—Lihong Zhang, Kathleen Marriott,
and Judith F. Aronson 220


Cylokine production in rhesus monkeys infected with Plasmodium coatnevi—Chunfu Yang, Lihua Xiao, Jon E. Tongren, JoAnn
Sullivan, Altaf A. Lal, and William E. Collins 226

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY

Mitochondrial DNA variation among Anopheles albimanus populations—Ana Maria P. De Merida, Margarita Palmieri, Maria
Marta Yurrita, Alvaro Molina, Eduviges Molina, and William C. Black IV 230

BASIC/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Plasmodium falciparum mdr l mutations and in vivo chloroquine resistance in Indonesia—Eduardo Gomez-Saladin, David
J. Fryauff, Walter R. J. Taylor, Budhi S. Laksana, Agustina I. Susanti, Purnomo, Budi Subianto, and Thomas L.
Richie 240


Lack of an association between the Asn-108 mutation in the dihydrofolate reductase gene and in vivo resistance to sulfadoxine/
pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum—Norma lbon Rallon, Lyda Elena Osorio, and Luis Ernesto Giraldo 245


CLINICAL STUDIES

Nitric oxide, malaria, and anemia: inverse relationship between nitric oxide production and hemoglobin concentration in asymptom-
atic. malaria-exposed children—Nicholas M. Anstey, Donald L. Granger, Mushtaq Y. Hassanali, Esther D. Mwaikambo,
Patrick E. Duffy, and J. Brice weinberg 249


Effects of age and parasitemia on nitric oxide production/leukocyte nitric oxide synthase type 2 expression in asymptomatic, malaria-
exposed children—Nicholas M. Anstey, J. Brice Weinberg, Zhiqiang Wang, Esther D. Mwaikambo, Patrick E. DufTy, and
Donald L. Granger 253

A new monospecific ovine Fab fragment antivenom for treatment of envenoming by the Sri Lankan Russell's viper (Dahoia russelii
russelii): a preliminary dose-finding and pharmacokinetic study—C. A. Ariaratnam, W. P. Meyer, G. Perera, M. Eddicston,
S. A. M. Kuleratne, W. Attapattu, R. Shcriff, A. M. Richards, R. D. G. Theakston, and D. A. Warrell 259


IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative study on the ability of lgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic elfects induced by Micnlfus
nigrocinctu (coral snake) venom—Guillermo Leon, Bradley Stiles, Alberto Alape, Gustavo Rojas, and Jose Maria Gu-
tierrez 266


Macrophage responses lo Tuxoplasnul antigens in vitro: a possible role in inflammatory lesions in toxoplasmosis—Robert N.Tackey
and Olaklinie 0. Kassini 272


Macrophage expression ol' class II major histoeompatibilily complex gene products in Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis-infected mice-
Ananielia L. Bocca, Marccio F. Silva, Celio L. Silva, Fernando Q. Cunha, and Florencio Figlieiredo 280


VACCINE STUDIES

Japanese encephalitis vaccine (inactivated, BIKEN) in U.S. soldiers: immunogenicily and satety of vaccine administered in two
dosing regimens—Robert F. DeFraites, Jeffrey M. Gambel, Charles H. Hoke, Jr„ Jose 1.. Sanchez, Benjamin G. Withers,
Nick Karabatsos, Robert E. Shope, Shirley Tirrell, lwao Yoshida, Mitslio Takagi, Cariton K. Mescbievitz, and Theodore
F. Tsai 288


Short report: Evaluation ol'the potency and stability of a candidate vaccine against American culaneous leisInnaniasisWilson
Mayrink, Jorge Pinto, Carlos da Costa, Vicente Toledo, Tania Gliimaraes, Odair Genaro, and luciano Vilela 294


DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

The fucose-mannose ligand—ELISA in the diagnosis and prognosis ot canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil—Glilnara P. Borja
Cabrera, Valdemir Oliveira da Silva, Roberto Teodoro da Costa, Alexandre Barbosa Reis, Wilson Mayrink, Odair
Genaro, and Clarisa B. Palatnik-de-Sousa 296


Schistosomiasis mansoni: immunobiol analysis lo diagnose and dilTerenliate recent and chronic intection—luiz Carlos P. Valli,
Herminia Y. Kanamura, Rita Maria da Silva, Rodrigo Ribeiro-Rodrignes,and Reynaldo Dietze 302


Early, intermediate, and late acute stages in Chagas' disease: a sludy combining anti-galaclose lgG, si^ecilic sciodiagnosis, and
polymerase chain reaction analysis—P. R. Z. Antas, N. Medrano-Mercano, F. Torrico, R. Ugarte-Fernandex, F. Goniez,
R. Correa Oliveira, A. C. L. Chaves, A. J. Romanha, and T. C. Aralijo-Jorge 308

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Resurgence of sleeping sickness in Tambura County, Sudan—Anne Moore, Michaleen Richer, Mario Enrile, Edward Losio,
Jacqlielin Roberts, and Deborah levy 315


Acute disease episodes in a Wacherena huncrofti-en(\em\c area of Papua New Guinea—Neal D. E. Alexander, Robert T. Perry,
Zachary B. Dimber, Phillip J. Hyun, Michael P. Alpers, and James W. Kazura 319


Natural rodent host associations of Guanarito and Pirital viruses (family Arenaviridae) in central Venezuela—Charles F. Flilhorst,
Michael D. Bowen, Rosa Alba Salas, Gloria Duno, Antonio Ultrera, Thomas G. Ksiazek, Nuris M. C. de Manzione, Edith
de Miller, Clovis Vasquez, Clarence J. Peters, and Robert B. Tesh 325


Evidence for widespread infection of wild rats with hepatitis E virus in the United States Yaniina Kabrane-Lazizi, Joshua B.
Fine, Joe Elm, Gregory E. Glass, Harry Higa, Arwind Diwan, Clarence J. Gibbs, Jr., Xiang-Jin Meng, Suzzane LJ.
Emerson, and Robert H.Purcell 331


Malaria parasitemia and childhood diarrhea in a peri-urban area of Guinea-Bissau—Morten Sodemann, Marianne S. Jakobsen,
Kare Molbak, Inacio C. Alvarenga, Cesario Martins, and Peter Aaby 336


High rate of mixed and subpatent malarial infections in southwest Nigeria—Jiirgen May, Frank P. Mockenhaupt, Ohisegnn G.
Ademowo, Adeyinka G. Falusi, Peter E. Olumese, Ulrich Bienzie, and Christian G. Meyer 339


An outbreak of acute bartonellosis (Oroya fever) in the Urubamba region of Peru, 1998—Barbara A. Ellis, Lisa D. Rotz, John A.
D. Leake, Frine Samalvides, Jose Bernable, Gladys Ventura, Carlos Padilla, Pablo Villaseca, Lorenza Beati, Russell
Regnery, James E.Childs, James G.OIson, and Carlos P. Carrillo 344


Evidence of rickeltsial spotted fever and ehriichial infections in a subtropical territory ol Jujuy, Argentina—Carlos M. Ripoll,
Carlos E. Remondegui, Glenda Ordonez, Roberto Arazamendi, Hector Fusaro, Michael J. Hyinan, Christopher D. Pad-
dock, Sherif R. Zaki, James G. Olson, and Charles A. Santos-Buch 350

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE & HYGINENE

VOL. 61, NO. 3, SEPTEMBER 1999



1999 Advertising Information i

Instructions to Authors iii

Author Checklist iv

Letter to the Editor 355

PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Application of risk analysis and geographic information system technologies to the prevention of diarrheal diseases in Nigeria—
Philip C. Njemanze, Josephine Anozie, Jacintha 0. lhenacho, Marcia J. Russell, and Amarachukwu B. Uwaeziozi „-.... 356

A novel Fab-based antivenom for the treatment of mass bee attacks—R. G. A. Jones, R. L. Corteling, H. P. To, G. Bhogal, and
J. Landon 361

MODELING

Blood-stage dynamics and clinical implications of mixed Plasmodium vivax-Plasmodiumfalciparum infections—Daniel P. Mason
and F. Ellis McKenzie 367


EPIDEMIOLOGY

Short report: High prevalence and imbalanced age distribution of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase gene Asn(108)
mutation in an area of low pyrimethamine usage in Nigeria—Frank P. Mockenhaupt, Jurgen May, Teunis A. Eggelte, Frank
L. Thies, Olusegun G. Ademowo, Ulrich Bienzie, and Christian G. Meye 375


Short report: A focus of Leishmania mexicana near Tucson, Arizona—Sara F. Kerr, Chad P. McHugh, and Robert Merkelz . 378


Widespread atypical cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (L.) chagasi in Nicaragua—Alejandro Belli, David Garcta,
Xiomara Palacios, Betzabe Rodriguez, Sonia Valle, Elsa Videa, Ena Tinoco, Francisca Marin, and Eva Harris - 380


Prevalence and risk of cysticercosis and taeniasis in an urban population of soldiers and their relatives—Maria de Lourdes Garcta-
Garcta, Mario Torres, Dolores Correa, Ana Flisser, Alfredo Sosa-Lechuga, Oscar Velasco, Antonio Meza-Lucas, Agustin
Plancarte, Guillermina Avila, Raquel Tapia, Laura Aguilar, America Mandujano, Isabel Alcantara, Zoila Morales, Ar-
turo Salcedo, Maria de la Luz Manon, and Jose Luis Valdespino-Gornez 386


Endemic regions of paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazil: a clinical and epidemiologic study of 584 cases in the southeast region—
Maria Heloisa S. L. Blotta, Ronei Luciano Mamoni, Sara Jesus Oliveira, Simone A. Nouer, Priscila M. 0. Papaiordanou,
Alexandre Goveia, and Zoilo Pires de Camargo 390


Nutritional status of Helicohacter pylori-infected children in Guatemala as compared with uninfected peers—Jorge M. Quinonez,
Francisco Chew, Olga Torres, and Rodolfo E. Begue 395


Increase of leptospirosis in dengue-negative patients after a hurricane in Puerto Rico in 1996—Eduard J. Sanders, Jose G. Rigau-
Perez, Henk L. Smits, Carmen C. Deseda, Vance A. Vorndam, Tin Aye, Richard A. Spiegel, Robbin S. Weyant, and
Sandra L. Bragg 399

Serologic study of the prevalence of rickettsiosis in Yucatan: evidence for a prevalent spotted fever group rickettsiosis—Jorge E.
Zavala-Velazquez, Jose Ruiz-Sosa, Ignacio Vado-Solis, Adrian N. Billings, and David H. Walker 405


Short report: Simultaneous occurrence of Dobrava, Puumala, and Tula hantaviruses in Slovakia—Claus Sibold, Helga Meisel, Ake
Lundkvist, Angela Schuiz, Felix Cifire, Rainer Ulrich, Oto Kozuch, Milan Labuda, and Detlev H. Kruger 409

A prospective seroepidemiologic study on dengue in children four to nine years of age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia 1. Studies in 1995-
1996—R. R. Graham, M. Juffrie, R. Tan, C. G. Hayes, 1. Laksono, C. Ma'rocf, Eriin, Sutaryo, K. R. Porter, and S. B.
Halstead 412

CLINICAL STUDIES

Clinical and biologic characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus-infected and uninfected intravascular drug users in Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam—Jean-Yves Foliezou, Nguyen Y. Lan, Truong X. Lien, Marie-Edith Lafon, Luong T. Tram, Pham
V. Hung, Xavier Aknine, William Lowenstein, Nguyen V. Ngai, loannis Theodorou, Jean-Francois Delfraissy, Patrice
Debre, Herve J. A. Fleury, Fran^oise Barre-Sinoussi, and Nguyen H. Chi 420


Increased serum levels of interferon--y and interleukin-12 during human brucellosis—Kamruddin Ahmed, Kismat A. AI-Matrouk,
Glenda Martinez, Kazunori Oishi, Vincent 0. Rotimi, and Tsuyoshi Nagatake 425


Rhodesian trypanosomiasis in a splenectomized patient—Mark A. Malesker, Daniel Boken, Thomas A. Ruma, Phillip J. Vuch-
etich, P. James Murphy, and Philip W. Smith 428


African children with malaria in an area of intense Plasmodium falciparum transmission: features on admission to the hospital and
risk factors for death—David Schellenberg, Clara Menendez, Elizeus Kahigwa, Fidel Font, Claudia Galindo, Camilo
Acosta, Joanna Armstrong Schellenberg, John J. Aponte, John Kimario, Honorathi Urassa, Hassan Mshinda, Marcel
Tanner, and Pedro Alonso 431


DRUG STUDIES
Synergism of benflumetol and artemether in Plasmodium falciparum—M. Hassan Alin, A. Bjorkman, and W. H. Wernsdorfer 439

Short report: Effects of pyronaridine on gametocytes in patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria—Pascal Ringwald,
Fleurette Solange Mcche, and leonardo K. Basco 446


The development of an immunoassay for the detection of artemisinin compounds in urine—T. A. Eggelte, M. A. van Agtmael, T.
D. Vuong, and C. J. van Boxtel 449


BASIC/MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Point mutations in dihydrofolate ceductase and dihydropteroate synthase genes of Pkism()diiimf<.ik'iptirum isolates from Venezuela—
Ludmel Urdaneta, Christopher Plowe, Ira Goidman, and Altaf A. Lal 457


Plasmodium falcipamm resistance to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in Uganda: correlation with polymorphism in the dihydrofolate reductase
and the dihydropteroate synthetase genes—T. Jelinek, A. H. D. Kilian, G. Kabagambe, and F. von Sonnenburg 463

PATHOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS

Cytoadherence characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum— infected erythrocytes from Malawian children with severe and uncompli-
cated malaria—Stephen J. Rogerson, Rodney Tembenu, Cariota Dobano, Sabrina Plitt, Terrie E. Taylor, and Malcolm
E. Molyneux 467

Mediation of attachment of Burkholderia pseudomallei to human pharyngeal epithelial cells by the asialoganglioside GMI-GM2
receptor complex—Abrnad Hamid Gori, Kamruddin Abrned, Glenda Martinez, Hironori Masaski, Kiwao Watanabe, and
Tsliyoshi Nagatake 473

Long-term suppression of adult bladder morbidity and severe hydronephrosis following selective population chemotherapy for Schis-
tosoma huenultobium—Aruna K. Subramanian, Peter Mungai, John II. Ourna, Phillip Magak, Charles II. King, Adel A.
F. Mahmolid, and Christopher L. King 476

DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

Serodiagnosis of leishmaniasis with recombinant ORFF antigen—V. Samuel Raj, Anirban Ghosh, Vandana S. Dole, Rentala
Madhubala, Peter J. Myler, and Kenneth D. Stuart 482

IMMUNOLOGY

Immune responses against Plasmodium falciparum asexual blood-stage antigens and disease susceptibility in Gabonese and Cam-
eroonian children—F. Migot-Nabias, A. J. F. Luty, P. Ringwald, M. Vaillant, B. Dubois, A. Renaut, J. Mayombo, T. N.
Minh, N. Fievet, J. R. Mbessi, P. Millet, and P. Deloron 488

Antibodies to sulfatide in leprosy and leprosy reactions—Eric Spierings, Monique de Vlieger, Anneke Brand, Paul R. Klatser,
and Tom H. M. Ottenhoff 495

MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY

House flies {Musca domestica) as transport hosts of Cr\'ptosporidiiim pur\nim—Thaddeus K. Graczyk, Michael R. Cranfield,
Ronald Fayer, and Heather Bixler 500

HEALTH ECONOMICS

The socioeconomic impact of hepatitis E in Nepal—Kathryn L. Clark, Rene M. Howell, Robert M. Scott, David W. Vaughn,
Mrigendra P. Shrestha, Charles F. Longer, and Bruce L. Innis 505