________________________________________

_______________________________________

ANIMAL SCIENCE
VOL. 68 , NO. 4 , JUNE 1999


Contents


Applied animal science
Johnston, S. D., Steen, R. W. J., Kilpatrick, D. J., Löwe, D. E. and Chestnutt, D. M. B.
A comparison of sires of Suffolk and Dutch Texel breeds and ewes of Greyface, Suffolk Cheviot and Dutch Texel breeds
in terms of food intake, prolificacy and lamb growth rates 567

Merchant, M. and Riach, D. J.
Changes in fibre traits in Scottish Cashmere and Siberian goat kids and their relationship with annual production and
diameter of the undercoat 577


Behaviour and environment
Rind, M. 1. and Phillips, C. J. C.
The effects of group size on the ingestive and social behaviour of grazing dairy cows 589


Johansson, B., Redbo, 1. and Svennersten-Sjauna, K.
Effect of feeding before, during and after milking on dairy cow behaviour and the hormone cortisol 597


Arsenos, G. and Kyriazakis, 1.
The continuum between preferences and aversions for flavoured foods in sheep conditioned by administration of
casein doses 605


Turner, S. P., Edwards, S. A. and Bland, V. C.
The influence of drinker allocation and group size on the drinking behaviour, welfare and production of growing pigs 617


Breeding and genetics
Kurtu, M. Y., Tawah, C. L., Rege, J. E. 0., Nega-Alemayehu and Mesfin-Shibre
Lactation performance of purebred Arsi cows and Friesian X Arsi crosses under pre-parturn and post-partum
supplementary feeding regimes 625

Meat science
Spiaggi, E. P., Benaglia, A. and Di Masso, R. J.
Coypu {Myocastor coypus) as a meat resource: heterotic and maternal effects on growth traits 635



Hulsegge, B., Mateman, G., Merkus, G. S. M. and Walstra, P.
Choice of probing site for classification of live pigs using ultrasonic measurements 641


Bernardmi, M., Dal Bosco, A. and Castellini, C.
Effect of dietary n-3/n-6 ratio on fatty acid composition of liver, meat and perirenal fat in rabbits 647


Modelling
Knap, P. W.
Simulation of growth in pigs: evaluation of a model to relate thermoregulation to body protein and lipid content and
deposition 655


Bennett, R. M., Christiansen, K. and Clifton-Hadley, R. S.
Modelling the impact of livestock diseases on production: case studies of non-notifiable diseases of farm animals in
Great Britain 681


Non-ruminant nutrition and production
Ferguson, N. S., Nelson, L. and Gous, R. M.
Diet selection in pigs: choices made by growing pigs when given foods differing in nutrient density 691


Sinclair, A. G., Shaw, J. M., Edwards, S. A., Hoste, S. and McCartney, A.
The effect of dietary protein level on milk yield and composition and piglet growth and composition of the Meishan
synthetic and European white breeds of sow 701



Physiology
Biensen, N. J., Haussmann, M. F., Lay Jr, D. C., Christian, L. L. and Ford, S. P.
The relationship between placental and piglet birth weigl^ts and growth traits 709


Akerlmd, M., Emanuelson, M., Dahlborn, K. and Holtenius, K.
Glucose challenge in early lactating dairy cows selected for high or low milk-fat concentration 717


Osadchuk, L. V.
A comparative study of sperm, sexual hormone concentrations and sexual activity in yearling and adult males of the
silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) 723


Ruminant nutrition and production
Chiy, P. C. and Phillips, C. J. C.
The rate of intake of sweet, salty and bitter concentrates by dairy cows 731



Phillips, C. J. C., Youssef, M. Y. l., Chiy, P. C. and Arney, D. R.
Sodium chloride supplements increase the salt appetite and reduce stereotypies in confined cattle 741


Ponsart, C., Ponter,A.A., Khireddine, B., Humblot, P., Sauvant, D., Mialot, J.-P. and Grimard, B.
A period of energy supplementation but not the type of supplement influences the insulin response to exogenous
glucose in food-restricted post-parturn suckler beef cows 749



Keady, T. W. J., Mayne, C. S., Fitzpatrick, D. A. and Marsden, M.
The effects of energy source and level of digestible undegradable protein in concentrates on silage intake and
performance of lactating dairy cows offered a range of grass silages 763



Carro, M. D., Ranilla, M. }., Giraldez, F. J., Mantecon, A. R. and Gonzalez, J. S.
Influence of sward height and advancing season on rumen fermentation in Merino sheep grazing grass/white clover
pasture 779



Dewhurst, R. J., Aston, K., Fisher, W. J., Evans, R. T„ Dhanoa, M. S. and McAllan, A. B.
Comparison of energy and protein sources offered at low levels in grass-silage-based diets for dairy cows 789


Sebek, L. B.J and Everts, H.
lit situ rumen degradation of dry matter and crude protein in ewes and dairy cows 801


Ben Salem, H., Nefzaoui, A., Ben Salem, L. and Tisserand, J. L.
Different means of administering polyethylene glycol to sheep: effect on the nutritive value of Acacia cyanophylla Lindi.
foliage 809


Bennison, J. J., Akinbamijo, 0. 0., Jaitner, J., Dempfle, L., Hendy, C. R. C. and Leaver, J. D.
Effects of nutrition pre-partum and post partum on subsequent productivity and health of N'Dama cows infected with
Trypanosoma congolense 819


Author index

ANIMAL SCIENCE
VOL:68, NO:3, APRIL 1999

Contents
applied animal science
Ungerfeld, R. and Rubianes, E.
Effectiveness of short-tcrin progestogen primings for induction of fertile oestrus with eCG in ewes during late seasonal
anoestrus 349

Le Cozler, Y., Ringmar-Cederberg, E„ Johansen, S., Dourmad, J. Y., Neil, M. and Stern, S.
Effect of feeding level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows. 1. Growth,
puberty and conception rate 355

Le Cozler, Y., Ringmar-Cederberg, E„ Rydhmer, L., Lundeheim, N., Dourmad, J. Y., Neil, M.
Effect: of feeding level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows. 2. Reproductive
performance, food intake, backfat changes and culling rate during the first two parities 365

Rasmussen, L. K., Nielsen, B. L„ Pryce, J. E., Mottram, T. T. and Veerkamp, R. F.
Risk factors associated with the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows 379

Behaviour and environment
Jones,J. B., Webster, A. J. F. and Wathes, C. M.
Trade-off between ammonia exposure and thermal comfort in pigs and the influence of social contact 387
Ramaekers, P. L. J., Swinkels, ). W. G. M., Huiskes, ]. H. and Verstegen, M. W. A.
Eating traits in relation to performance and carcass traits of restrictedly fed group-housed finishing pigs 399

Breeding and genetics
Hall, A. D.,Hill, W. G„ Bamplon, P. R. and Webb, A. J.
Predicted responses to selection from indices incorporating feeding pattern traits of pigs using electronic feeders 407

McGuirk, B. J., Going, 1. and Gilmour, A. R.
The genetic evaluation of UK Holstein Friesian sires for calving ease and related traits 413

McGuirk, B. J., Christison, A., Going, 1. and Gilmour, A. R.
The identification of beef sires that produce calves of above average conformation from dairy cows 423

Analla, M., Munoz-Serrano, A. and Serradilla, J. M.
Comparison of the simple breeding value model and the maternal effects model for genetic evaluation of Segurena lambs 427

Besbes, B. and Gibson, J. P.
Genetic variation of egg production traits in purebred and crossbred laying hens 433

Allain, D.,Rochambcau,H.de,Thebault,R.G. & Vrillon J..L.
The inheritance of wool quality and live weight in the French Angora rabbit 441

Meszaros, S. A., Banks, R. G„ Werf, J. H. J. van der and Goddard, M.
The use of genetic algorithms for optimizing age structure in breeding populations when inbreeding depresses genetic
gain through effects on reproduction 449

Schnilzenlehner, S. and Essl, A.
Field data analysis of cytoplasmic inheritance of dairy and fitness-related traits in cattle 459

Jones, H. E„ White, 1. M. S. and Brotherstone, S.
Genetic evaluation of Holstein Friesian sires for daughter condition-score changes using a random regression model 467
Meat science

Blanchard, P. J„ ElUs, M., Warkup, C. C., Hardy, B„ Chadwick, J. P. and Deans, G. A.
The influence of rate of lean and fat tissue development on pork eating quality 477

Blanchard, P. J., Ellis, M., Warkup, C. C., Chadwick, J. P. and Willis, M. B.
The influence of sex (boars and gilts) on growth, carcass and pork eating quality characteristics 487

Blanchard, P. J„ Warkup, C. C„ Ellis, M„ Willis, M. B. and Avery, P.
The influence of the proportion of Duroc genes on growth, carcass and pork eating quality characteristics 495

Non-ruminant nutrition and production
Reid, C.-A. and Hillman, K.

The effects of retrogradation and amylose-amylopectin ratio of starches on carbohydrate fermentation and microbial
populations in the porcine colon 503

Donkoh,A.andMoughan,P.J.
Endogenous ileal nitrogen and amino acid flows in the growing pig receiving a protein-free diet and diets containing
enzymically hydrolysed casein or graded levels of meat and bone meal 511

Physiology

KanHz, E„ Otten, W„ Niirnberg, G. and Briissow, K. P.
Effects of age and maternal reactivity on the stress response of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the sympathetic
nervous system in neonatal pigs 519
Continued inside
Darwash, A. 0., Ward., G. L., Lamming, G. E. and Woolliams, J. A.
The effects of raising post-uestrus progesterone concentrations on Ilitcal activity in post-pdi-turn dairy cows 527

Thorp, C. L„ Wylie, A. R. G., Steen, R. W. J., Shaw, C. and McEvoy, J. D.
Effect of dietary forage : concentrate ratio on the behaviour, rumen fermentation and circulating concentrations of IGF-I,
insulin, glucagon and metabolites of beef steers and their potential effects on carcass composition 533

Gonzalez de Bulnes, A., Santiago Moreno, J., Gomez-Brunet, A., Inskeep, E. K., Townsend, E. C. and
Lopez-Sebastian, A.
Follicular dynamics during the oestrous cycle in dairy goats 547

Ruminant nutrition and production
Dapoza, C., Castrillo, C., Balcells, J.,Martin-Orue, S. and Guada, J. A.
On the variation of urinary excretion of creatinine and purine derivatives in pregnant and lactating ewes given diets
with different protein contents 555



831


Subject index 834

_______________________________

ANIMAL SCIENCE
NO. PROCEEDINGS , 1999


CONTENTS


Programme i-xv

Summaries 1-225

Theatre presentations 1-49

Poster presentations 50-225

Author Index I-IV


REPRODUCTION
Trends in the fertility of dairy cows in the United Kingdom 1
M D Royal, A o Darwash & G E Lamming

The effect of steer sera generating low or high concentrations of ammonia in culture on bovine 2
embryo development and cell number in vitro
MKuran, MEStaines, GJMcCallum, A G onal& T G McEvoy

The effect of reducing feed intake following insemination on embryo survival in cattle 3
L D Dünne, MG Diskin & JMSreenan

Effects of body condition at calving, post-partum nutrition and calf access on the interval from 4
calving to first ovulation in beef cows: Cow performance and metabolism
K D Sinclair, G Molle, R Revilla, JF Röche, G Quintans, L San Jüan, A Sanz, D R Mac key
& M G Diskin

Effects of body condition at calving, post partum nutrition and calf access on the interval from calving 5
to first ovulation in beef cow: Ovarian folliculogenesis and gonadotrophin secretion
M G Diskin, D R Mackey, A Sanz, L Marongiu, G Quintans, JF Röche, R Revilla,
G Molle & K D Sinclair

PIG REPRODUCTION
Effect of protein accretion rate on reproductive function in the gilt between 50 kg and 3rd oestrus 6
JCameron, J Wiseman, R W ebb & MG Hunter

Body weight and P2 measurements as estimates of body tissue losses oflactating primiparous and 7
multiparous sows
L D Probert, J Wiseman & SJagger

Effects of different energy sources on metabolic state and production performance oflactating sows 8
G Jones, SA Edwards, A G Sincla, FE G, SJagger & S Hoste

The effect of body composition at farrowing and subsequent protein intake on performance and 9
lactational oestrus in gilts following modification of the suckling stimulus
A G Sinclair, V C Bland & S A Edwards

Growth and reproductive performance of Meishan and European hybrid pigs 10
A D Hall

PIG WELFARE & MEAT QUALITY
The effect of feed restriction prior to slaughter on performance and meat quality of pigs 11
V E Beattie, R N Weatherup & B W Moss

Modifications of the Wamer-BratzIer shear force method to improve the relationship with pork 12
tenderness
MJ Van Oechel, N Warnants & C V Boucque

The effect ofpre-weaning environment on piglets' post weaning behaviour 13
L Cox & JJ Cooper

The effect offlight distance on aggression and skin damage of newly weaned sows at mixing 14
R MKay, A Bur foot, HA MSpoolder & CM Docking

SHEEP

A computer model of cadmium metabolism in the sheep with regard to the human food chain 15
SHPrankel

The viability of ovine embryos recovered transcervically and transferred by laparoscope 16
MJA Mylne, WSDmgwall, M E King, WA CMcKelvey&JJ Robinson

Effects ofmetabolizable protein on performance and faecal egg count of the parasitized ewe 17
J G M Houdijk, l Kyriazakis, R L Coop & F Jackson

Trade-offs between sward nitrogen intake and faecal avoidance in sheep foraging decisions: the effect of 18
parasitic status and level of feeding motivation
MR Hutchings, l Kyriazakis, D H Anderson, IJ Gordon & F Jackson

DAIRY Cow PRODUCTION
The response of net milk protein output to metabolisable protein supply in dairy cows 19
R J Mansbridge, JA Metcalf, J D Oldham, J S Blake & J R Newbold

The production response by dairy cows to the inclusion of small quantities of straw in diets based on high 20
quality grass silage and zero grazed grass
C P Ferns, FJ Gordon, D C Patterson & C S Mayne

An examination of the effect of level of concentrate supplementation during late gestation on 21
subsequent milk yield and composition of lactating dairy cattle
T WJ Keady, C S Mayne & D A Fitzpatrick

The effects of feeding compound concentrate supplements with either a low or high level of true 22
methionine digested in the small intestine (DVmet) to dairy cows
R L G Zorn, E Kamerman, G Remmelink & G van Duinkerken

PIG NUTRITION
The effect ofmicronization on performance and digestibility in piglets fed diets based on wheat 23
L N Zarkadas & J Wiseman

The effects of diets with reduced crude protein and digestible energy content on the performance of 24
growing and finishing pigs and the characteristics of slurry produced
P A Lee & A Armsby

Cumulative protein intake of pig genotypes, selected for high or low lean growth, when fed diets 25
differing in protein content
N D Cameron, CC McCorquodale, S Welham & R Thompson

Estimation of voluntary intake and digestibility of grass by outdoor sows using the n-alkanes 26
technique
M G Rivera Ferre, S A Edwards, R W May es, l Riddoch & D DeB Hovell

RUMINANT NUTRITION

The effects of sequence of feed allocation within the day on the growth and carcass characteristics of 27
lambs fed barley based diets
J M Richardson, L A Sinclair & R G Wilkinson

Effect of supplementation ofsucrose and lactose with sodium bicarbonate on rumen metabolism and 28
microbial protein synthesis in sheep
A Hussain & E L Miller

Effects of source of bacterial isolate and microbial marker on the magnitude of absolute values of 29
microbial nitrogen yield in sheep
S Chikunya & E L Miller

The fatty acid composition of solid and liquid associated rumen bateria isolated from cows 30
S S Lee, M B Chang, N D Scollan, R J Merry, M S Dhanoa, P J Hobbs, V J Theobald,
W J Maeng & R J Deyvhurst

CALORIMETRY

The effect of incremental changes in metabolisable energy intake on the partitioning of 31
metabolisable energy in dairy cows
R E Agne\v, FJ Gordon, D J Kilpatrick, T Yan & M G Porter

Effect of maize silage maturity on digestibility and energy balance of lactating cows 32
J. D Sutton, S B Cammell, D E Beever, R H Phipps & D J Humphries

Metabolisable energy requirements of lactating dairy cows offered a straw/concentrate ration 33
R M Kirkland & F J Gordon

The effect of diet and condition score on fasting heat production of non-producing dairy cows 34
J W Birnie, R E Agnew & F J Gordon

The effect of wilting and additive type on energy utilization of grass silage by growing cattle 35
T Yan, FJ Gordon, L E R Daws on, C P Ferris, R WJSteen & DJKilpatrick

GAS PRODUCTION

The use of the in vitro gas production technique to investigate the effect of substrate on the 36
partitioning between microbial biomass production and the yield of fermentation products
C Rymer and D I Givens

The effect ofacrylate and fumarate on fermentation and methane production in the rumen 37
simulating fermentor (Rusitec)
JA ouda, CJNewbold, SLopez, N Nelson, A R Moss, R J Wallace & Homed

Impact of variation in yield of gas during incubation on simulated gas production and extent of 38
ruminal degradation
J Dijkstra, J France, S Lopez & M S Dhanoa

Estimation of efficiency of microbial growth in rumen fluid with the gas production technique 39
J W Cone & A H van Gelder

MEAT QUALITY

Impaired deposition of vitamin E in lambs of two breeds fed a dry pelleted complete diet and its 40
effects on meat quality
MEnser, G Demirel, JD Wood, G R Nute, A M Wachira, L A Sinclair & R G Wilkinson

Effect of breed and diet on polyunsaturated fatty acid composition oflongissimus dorsi muscle in 41
beef steers
N J Choi, M Enser, J D Wood & N D Scollan

The effects of the ratio of silage to concentrates in the diet on the performance and carcass 42
composition of continental bulls
D C Patterson, R WJSteen & C A Moore

Prediction of carcass composition in meat breeds of sheep using computer tomography 43
MJ Young, R M Lewis, K A McLean, N A A Robson, J Eraser, J Fitzsimons, J Donbavand
& GSimm


BREEDING AND GENETICS

Is a linkage map and a pedigree structure required to detect useful DNA markers (QTL) in the pig? 44
R Wales, K WSiggens, M J T van Eijk, B Brugmans, A Archibald, CSHaley & GSPlastow

Mapping genes for growth and fatness in pigs with data from international studies 45
G A Walling, P MVisscher, LAndersson, MF Rothschild, G Moser, M A MGroenen,
J P Bidanel, & C S Haley

The consequences of index selection on carcass composition in Suffolk sheep 46
R M Lewis, G C Emmans, G Sim m, W S Dingwall, J FitzSimons, J C Fraser & J E Donbovand

Genetic variation in net feed efficiency in Hereford cattle and its association with other production traits 47
R M Herd & S C Bishop

Genetic relationship between somatic cell count and lifespan and conformation traits in some dairy breeds 48
in the United Kingdom ( UK)
R A Mrode, G J TSwanson & C M Lindberg

Effects of selection for production on maiden heifer fertility traits 49
J E Pryce, L A Wilson & P M Visscher

BEEF CATTLE & MEAT QUALITY

In vivo estimation of body composition in Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls from urea space and fasted 50
live weight
S De Campeneere, L O Fiems, J M Vanacker, B G Cottyn & C V Boucque

The effects of physiological state on the carcass composition of continental heifers 51
D C Patterson, R WJSteen & CA Moore

Effect of parity number on growth pattern and carcass measurements of continental cross suckler cows 52
under lowland conditions
DC Patterson, CA Moore, R WJSteen & DJKilpatrick

The effect of housing system on the behaviour, welfare and performance of beef cattle 53
D E Löwe, R WJSteen, VE Beattie & B W Moss

Urea treatment as a means of preserving/processing moist wheat forintensively finished cattle 54
M Lewis, B G Lowman & M Ford

Effect of supplementation with methionine during fattening of Belgian Blue cull cows of three different 55
ages on animal performance, carcass composition and meat quality
J L Hornick, M Evrard, A Clinquart, C Van Eenaeme & L Istasse

An evaluation of protein supplements and yeast culture with cereal fed beef bulls 56
D Pullar, S P Marsh & JParker

Phospholipid fatty acid and meat quality in cattle breeds fed different diets 57
L Vatansever, E Kurt, R I Richardson, G R Nute, MEnser, NScollan & JD Wood

The useof neinfrred spectroscopy as a method of beef meat quality assessment: can NIRS measure 58
tissue vitamin E ?
E Thomas, J R Scaife, I Murray, A Rutter, E Cowie & G Colquhoun

REPRODUCTION

Effect of calf isolation and restricted suckling on LH secretion in postpartum suckler cows 59
D R Mac key, J F Roches, J MSreenan & M G Diskin

Protected fat and donor age effects on plasma total lipid level, plasma progesterone concentration, 60
embryo yield and quality following superovulation in sheep
A G Onal, JJ Robinson, MEStaines, B KSpeake, JSMHutchinson, M E King, MKuran,
F E Gebbie & T G McEvoy

Exposure of bovine zygotes to serum in a two-phase in vitro culture system adversely affects cleavage 61
rate and cell number of embryos produced
M Kuran, T G McEvoy, K D Sinclair, P J Broadbent & J J Robinson

Effect of serum or fatty acid supplementation of synthetic oviduct fluid medium on development of 62
bovine embryos in vitro
NCFarrar, MEStaines, GJMcCallum, P Haggarty, JJ Robinson & T G McEvoy

Variation in the timing ofovulation relative to other follicular phase events following natural and induced 63
luteal regression in dairy cows
G E Mann, G S Starbuck, M Benboulaid, A R Peters & G E Lamming

The effect of exogenous prostaglandin F(2a) analogue administration on subsequent corpus luteum 64
function in the dairy cow
G R Starbuck, G E Mann & G E Lamming

The effects of exogenous progesterone supplementation in late pregnancy on gestation length and 65
colostrum yield in ewes
TF Crosby, P J Quinn, Ä P O'Donnell, P Nowakowski & J V Ö'Doherty

Placental steroids are involved in the late-gestation decrease in gonadotrophin secretion in the ovine fetus 66
D W Miller & A N Brooks

The effect of feeding a diet high in fibre during the rearing period on reproduction in gilts 67
V L Glasgow, SÄ Edwards, TG McEvoy & M Shanks

The relationship between milk urea content and feritlity in dairy cows 68
B R Cottrill, H Biggadike, C A Collins & S B Drew

The effects ofmelatonin treatment and recent sexual experience on the ability of rams to induce ovulation 69
in seasonally anoestrous ewes
H J D Rosa & MJ Bryant

FORAGE

Effects of cutting height at harvest of fermented whole crop wheat and supplement type on milk 70
production by dairy cows
L A Sinclair & R G Wilkinson

The effect of cutting height at harvest on the aerobic stability and digestibility of fermented whole crop 71
wheat silage offered to sheep
R G Wilkinson & L A Sinclair

The effect of stage of maturity and endosperm type on the in situ dry matter degradability of fermented 72
whole crop wheat silage
JE Southworth, K M Gil man, A J Raeside, R G Wilkinson, L A Sinclair & JA Hun fington

Influence of different energy supplements on nitrogen utilisation by dairy cows fed grass silage diets 73
A R Castillo, J H Barbi, D E Beever, J D Sutton & D J Humphries

Effects of concentrate acidogenicity on the performance of cows on maize silage-based diets 74
D Wadhwa, MSDhanoa, W J Fisher, L P Borgida & RJDewhurst

The production response by dairy cows to four levels of straw inclusion in grass silage based diets 75
C P Ferris, D C Patterson, F J Gordon & D J Kilpatrick

A comparison of two contrasting milk production systems for high genetic merit autumn calving dairy 76
cows in a grassland based production environment
C P Ferris, F J Gordon, D C Patterson & C S Mayne

Effect of timing and level of protein supply on silage intake, feeding behaviour and milk yield of 77
lactating dairy cattle
D L Romney, V Blunn & J D Leaver

The effects of replacing maize silage by triticale whole crop silage in a roughage mixture with grass 78
silage on feed intake and milk production by dairy cows
G van Duinkerken, R L G Zorn & EJ B Bleumer

Factors effecting the feeding value of maize and grass silage in late lactation dairy cows 79
FJMulligan, F P Ö'Mara, M Rath, P J Caffrey, J Callan, & B Flynn

Intake, digestibility in vivo and nitrogen balance in sheep of pea-wheat bi-crop silages harvested at three 80
stages of maturity
A T Adesogan, MB Sala\vu, M D Fraser, S T Evans, R Fychan &. R Jones

The effect of fermented whole crop cereal species on botanical compositon, chemical composition, 81
in vivo digestibility and liveweight change in sheep
A T Adesogan & G J Jones

Apparant digestibility and nitrogen utilization of maize silage harvested at three stages of maturity and 82
fed to beef cattle
E M Bro\vne, MJBryant & D E Beever

Intake, growth rate and carcass quality of beef cattle fed maize silage harvested at three stages of maturity 83
E MBrowne, MJ Bryant & D E Beever

An evaluation of a dried yeast culture on milk yield and composition in dairy cows fed grass and maize 84
silage
S P Williams, S P Marsh & D Williams

Effect of conditioning feed flavour to rumen distension in cows 85
MKlaiss & JMForbes

Effect of glucose sources on production and metabolic responses of dairy cows fed diets based on 86
restrictively fermented grass silage
A Vanhatalo, P Huhtanen & T Varvikko

The effect of different groups of amino acids on rat mammmary protein synthesis in vitro 87
JAlderson, B J Bequette & M A Lomax

Effect of abrupt and frequent changes in forage quality on digestibility and performance of crossbred 88
cattle offered Napier grass (Pennisetumpurpureum) and barley straw
I Sanda, D Romney, J Tanner, P Thorne & J D Leaver

Effect of crude protein concentration on urinary excretion ofpurine derivatives in growing heifers fed 89
concentrate and barley straw on an ad libitum basis
M Devant, JFPerez, JPlaixats, A Ferret & G Caja

Rumen digestibility in dairy cows of starch in near-isogenic lines of wheat 90
P C Garns\vorthy & J Wiseman

An alternative method of administering alkane markers for estimating intake in dairy cows 91
Y Unal & P C Garns\vorthy

Determination ofntirogen degradability of some different protein sources by m situ techniques 92
MGorgulu, L Boykal, HRKutlu & CAtasoglu

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for estimating food intake in housed dairy cows 93
Y Unal & P C Garnsworthy

The effect of two liquid feed additives on feed intake and milk production in lactating dairy cattle 94

RHPhipps, A K Jones & P Holder
Nitrogen utilisation by lambs offered red clover and lucerne silages harvested at two different stages of 95
growth
M D Fraser, MHMSpeijers, S TEvans & R Jenes

The effect of harvest date and inoculation on the voluntary intake and in vivo digestibility of kale silage 96
by sheep
M D Fraser, R Fychan, S TEvans, MH MSpeijers & R Jenes

Comparison of in vivo and in vitro digestibility of silages made from a range of alternative crops 97
lAkyol, M D Fraser, G W Griffith & D R Davies

SHEEP PRODUCTION

A comparative study of dry matter intake and digestive pool variations in Machega and Lacaune dairy 98
sheep
E Molina, A Ferret, G Caja, S Calsamiglia & J Gasa

The use of a soluble glass copper, cobalt and selenium bolus to supply selenium to sheep 99
N R Kendal, N C Farrer, D Vlllingworth, D W Jackson & S B Telfer

Effects of prolonged lead supplementation on cadmium accumulation in sheep 100
P C Chiy, M O Mohammed &CJC Phillips

Digestibility of a-tocopherol acetate in sheep 101
N Soultoyiannis & J R Scaife

Repeatability of computer tomography scan measurements in sheep 102
MJ Young, N P W Jay & N B Jopson

Assessment of energy status in hill sheep using computer tomography 103
MJ Young, A Leboulanger, K A McLean, J Eraser, J Conington & G Simm

The effect of forage maize hybrid type on site of digestion in sheep 104
A Kamalak, D S Parker, HJ Finlayson & P Hooper

Evaluation of the potential of short term intake rate (STIR) to predict effects of chop length on in vivo 105
parameters in sheep
D Hurst, D L Romney & A H Murray

Growth and body composition of two breeds of sheep, and their cross, at similar proportions of mature 106
size when given highly digestible or bulky feeds ad libitum
S E Morrow, G C Emmans, R M Lewis, J E Donbovand & J FitzSimons

In vivo leucine oxidation in the gastrointestinal tract of lambs infected with nematode parasite 107
Trichostrongylus colubriformis
Feng Yu, L A Bruce, R L Coop, F Jackson & JCMacRae

Welfare of the neonate lamb immediately aftetail-d108
A BNotman, H L Heath & J Hill

Evaluation of distillery by-products, barley and molassed sugar beet feed for intensive lamb finishing 109
C MMinter, JELyness & R G Wilkinson

Effects of diets formulated to contain similar amounts ofERDP with different protein sources on ruminal 110
peptide-N concentration in Iranian Baloochi lambs
M Danesh Mesgaran & A RH Moosavi

Effect of swath treatment and duration of field wilting of grass on chemical composition and feeding 111
value of silage in sheep
JHill

The effect of age and energy level on the growth potential of Sangsary female lambs in Iran 112
YRouzbehan, A Shabani, RAssadi Moghadam & A Nik-Khah

Effect ofdefaunation on utilisation of poor quality tropical feed by sheep 113
B Teferedegne, P 0 Osuji, A Odenyo, R J Wallace & CJNewbold

The effect of consumption of foods that differ in energy density and/or sodium bicarbonate 114
supplementation on subsequent diet selection in sheep
S M James & I Kyriazakis

The effects of fat source and breed on the fatty acid composition of lamb muscle and adipose tissue 115
A M Wachira, L A Sinclair, R G Wilkinson, G Demirel, MEnser & JD Wood

Eating quality of lamb: differences between extreme breed x production system groups functional teats 117
D A R Davies

Genetic trends in linear type traits in the United Kingdom ( UK) dairy herd 118
C M Lindberg, G J T S\vanson & R A Mrode

The CAMDA sheep breeding scheme: I. Estimation of genetic parameters for 18-week weight 119
A A Aslaminejad, R M Lewis, JA Roden & V R Fowler

The CAMDA sheep breeding scheme: II. Genetic progress over twenty years 120
A A Aslaminejad, R M Lewis, JA Roden & V R Fowler

Assessing connectedness in across-flock genetic evaluations 121
R M Lewis, R E Crump, G Simm & R Thompson

Genetic parameters for live weight, ultrasonic measurements and conformation in Bluefaced Leicester 122
sheep
A M van Heelsum, R M Lewis, D W Jones, W Haresign & M H Davies

Using pedigree analysis to determine the genetic diversity of the British dairy population over the last 123
thirty years
TRoughsedge, S Brotherstone & P M Visscher

Heritabilities of and phenotypic relationships between digestibility, dry matter food intake and production 124
traits in grazing lambs
D Vagenas & S C Bishop

Lactation in Improved Awassi sheep 125
G E Pollott & E Gootwine

ALTERNATIVE FEEDS FOR EWES

Comparison of sugar beet feeds and distillers grains as supplements for early lambing ewes fed straw- 126
based and big-bale silage diets
D G Chappie, K P A Wheeler, G Perrott & M Witt

Evaluation of regulated release supplements for ewes in late pregnancy fed hay based diets 127
C MMinter, R G Wilkinson & T J Hough

Effects of alternative protein and energy sources on the metabolism and performance of straw fed, 128
pregnant, and lactating ewes
D Handford, S E Pattinson, L A Sinclair, R G Wilkinson & S P Marsh

A comparison ofchopped/un-chopped big bale silage, pit silage and hay when offered with concentrates 129
to twin bearing ewes
TFCrosby, P J Quinn, JJ Callan, B Flynn, J V O'Doherty, P No\vako\vski & C H McGrane

Performance of ewes given maize silage during late pregnancy and lactation 130
J Hill, A B Notman & S P Marsh

Effect of supplementation method on grazing behaviour of hill ewes 131
A Waterhouse & S P Marsh

HORSES
Gas production in vitro from purified starches using equine faeces as the source ofinocula 132
B ML McLean, JJHy slop, A C Longland, D Cuddeford & T Hollands

In vivo apparent digestibility in ponies given rolled, micronised or extruded barley 133
B ML McLean, JJHyslop, A C Longland, D Cuddeford & T Hollands

Effect of physical processing on in situ degradation of maize and peas in the caecum of ponies 134
B ML McLean, JJHyslop, A C Longland, D Cuddeford & T Hollands

In situ degradation of crude protein in physically processed barley, maize and peas in the caecum of 135
ponies
B ML McLean, JJHyslop, A C Longland, D Cuddeford & T Hollands

Effect of screen diameter on particle size and water holding capacity of 15 starch based equine feedstuffs 136
ground through a 1.0 mm or 0.5 mm screen
B ML McLean, JJHyslop, A C Longland, D Cuddeford & T Hollands

Gas production in vitro from either unprocessed, micronised or extruded maize, peas, wheat, naked oats 137
and barley using equine faeces as the source of inocular
B ML McLean, JJHyslop, A C Longland, D Cuddeford & T Hollands

Development of the mobile bag technique to determine the degradation kinetics of purified starch sources 138
in the pre-caecal segment of the equine digestive tract
B ML McLean, JJHyslop, A C Longland, D Cuddeford & T Hollands

In vivo apparent digestibility of proximate constituents and non-starch polysaccharides in ponies offered 139
botanically diverse fibre based diets
MJSMoore-Colyer, JJHyslop, A C Longland & D Cuddeford

Soaked unmolassed sugar beet pulp as a partial forage replacer in equine diets when ponies are offered 140
grass hay ad libitum
JJ Hyslop & D Cuddeford

Measurement ofcaecal outflow rate in ponies using Chromium mordanted feeds 141
JJHyslop, B ML McLean, MJSMoore-Colyer, A C Longland, D Cuddeford& T Hollands

The apparent digestibilities and rates of passage of two chop lengths of big bale silage and hay in ponies 142
H J Morrow, MMoore-Colyer & A C Longland

Comparison of particle size reduction of a hay-concentrate diet given to horses and sheep 143
A D Eil is & JHill

Ingestive behaviour of horses offered distillery by-products 144
JHill & A R Braithwaite

GAS PRODUCTION

Effect ofinoculant and enzyme additives on fermentation characteristics and gas production of grass 145
silage
Z S Davies, A E Brooks' M K Theodorou, G W Griffith & R J Merry

Nutritive evaluation of Prosopis Juliflora fruits and leaves from Kenya: Chemical composition and in 146
vitro gas production
SAAbdulrazak, TAwano, Tichinohe, TFujihara&JNyangaga

Comparison of rumen liquor and faeces, in UK and Brazil, as sources of microorganisms for in vitro gas 147
production for assessing twelve forages
R M Mauricio, E Owen, A L Abdalla, l C S Bueno, F L Mould, S Gilmour & M K Theodorou

Effect of reducing the interval of recording from three to one hour on gas production profiles in the 148
semi-automated technique using a pressure transducer
R M Mauricio, F L Mould, E ö\ven, M S Dhanoa & M K Theodorou

The use of pure substrates and substituted fibrous feedstuffs to examine the sensitivity of the in vitro 149
RPT feed evaluation system
FL Mould, R M Mauricio, T Smith & E Owen

The relationship between DOMD and gas release estimated in vitro using the Reading Pressure 150
Technique system for four maize silages of different maturity
FL Mould, T Smith, E Owen & R H Phipps

Comparison of inocula from sheep and cattle for the in vitro gas production technique under tropical 151
conditions
I C S Bueno, A L Abdalla, S L S Cabral Filho, D MS S Vitta, E Owen, R M Mauricio,
l Givens, J D Sutton & F L Mould

Cellulase and xylanase activity of the rumen anaerobic fungi grown on untreated and sodium hydroxide 152
treated barley straw
MRezaeian, D S Parker & G WBeakes

The effect of lead on the rate of fermentation of herbage by rumen micro-organisms 153
S T StroJan &CJC Phillips

Effect of frequency of ovine ruminal sampling on microbial activity and substrate fermentation 154
S Nagadi, M Herrero & N SJessop

Prediction of in vitro gas production parameters of concentrate feeds by near infra-red reflectance 155
spectroscopy (NIRS)
S Fakhri, A R Moss, D I Givens & E Owen

The ability of the ficin enzyme technique to predict the in situ degradability of lucerne N 156
G Gizzi, E R Deaville & D l Givens

Predicting the apparent disappearance of starch in the rumen of cows from the in vitro gas production 157
profile of their diet
C Rymer & D I Givens

The influence ofbiotin on viability, pyruvate carboxylase activity and the response to malate 158
concentration in vitro by isolated secondary hair follicles of the Angora goat
A M Tahmasbi, H Galbraith & J R Scaife

The detection ofapoptosis and bcl(2) in isolated secondary mohair follicles (and quiescent), 159
cultured in vitro in the presence or absence ofb
A M Tahmasbi, H Galbraith, JRScaife & D Finn

The effects ofamino acid supply on the sensitivity oflGF-I secretion to growth hormone stimulation in 160
ovine hepatocytes
N M Wheelhouse, D G Hazelrigg, J C MacRae & M A Lomax

The effects ofamino acid supply on total and individual cellular protein synthesis in ovine hepatocytes 161
D G Hazlengg, N Soultoyiannis, P Cash & N MWheelhouse

Insulin stimulates phenylalanine uptake across the hind limb in fed lambs 162
TJ Waster, G E Lobley, L MBirnie & M A Lomax

The effect of rumen protected protein on plasma insulin, IGF-I and glucose in sheep 163
K NMuturi, L MBirnie, JStruthers, N MWheelhouse & M A Lomax

Effects of intravenous isoproterenol (ß-agonist) administration on expression and synthesis of ovine 164
uncoupling protein 1
D S Finn, P Trayhurn, JStruthers & M A Lomax

PIGS

The effects of wheat variety, dietary heat treatment and enzyme inclusion on digestibility parameters for 165
growing pigs
FJ Lewis, MEEMcCann, H Schulze, JMcEvoy& KJMcCracken

The effects of wheat variety on diet digestibility and on performance parameters of pigs from 10-20 kg 166
FJ Lewis, H Schulze, JMcEvoy& K JMcCracken

Interactions of phosphorus content and phytase inclusion in diets for growing pigs: Digestibility and P 167
utilisation
K J McCracken, VE Beattie, R N Weatherup , R W Henry & S Smyth

The effect of phosphorus concentration and the use of phytase enzyme in pig diets on growth 168
performance and bone characteristics of finishing pigs
R N Weatherup, VE Beattie, K JMcCracken, S G Mcilroy & R W Henry

The effect ofalpha-galactosidase on the the nutritive value of a cereal-soyabean-pea diet for growing pigs 169
J Morales, J F Perez, F Baucells & J Gasa

The effect of protease pre-treatment of raw or micronized soyabean meal on the growth performance and 170
carcass composition in liquid fed grower and finisher pigs
J D Beal, P H Brooks & H Schulze

Comparison between titanium dioxide as an inert marker and total collection in the determination of 171
digestibility of components in diets fed to pigs
J E Thompson & J Wiseman

Manipulation of the proportions of Lactobacillus spp to coliform bacteria in the piglet colon using dietary 172
starches
K Hillman & S P McFarland

Postweaning benefits of porcine plasma 173
PToplis&HMMiller

The effect of gestation feeding strategy on body composition of gilts at farrowing and response to 174
dietary protein in lactation
A G Sinclair, V C Bland & S A Edwards

Voluntary intake responses of 'White' and Meishan cross growing pigs to nutrient dilution 175
B P Gill, P J B lane hard, JP Chadwick & K Stickney

Effect ofBuserelin on day of service or 12 days post service on farrowing rate and litter size to first 176
service in outdoor sows and gilts
A R Peters, L A Dwyer, A Dawson, P A Canham & JD Mackinnon

Validation of the n-alane technique for measuring herbage intake in sows 177
H Wilson, A G Sinclair, FDDeB Hovell, R WM ayes & SA Edwards

Investigation into methodologies of the 'standard' human approach test for sows 178
R M Förde, JN Marchant & HA MSpoolder

Behaviour and performance of sows and piglets in crates and a Thorstensson system 179
R H Brads haw & D M Broom

The effect of handling, oral dosing and injection of iron on the heart rate and behavioural responses 180
of day old piglets
R J Wynn, H A M Spoolder & R M Kay

Effect of hunger and exploration on first consumption of solid food by piglets 181
H F Lee, M C Appleby & C A Morgan

Effects of feeder and penning design on social facilitation of eating in pigs in adjoining pens 182
H W Gonyou, C Peterson & K Getson

Effects of pre-mixing sows prior to their introduction into a large dynamic group: sow behaviour and 183
welfare
JL Durrell, VEBeattie & I A Sneddon

Agonistic and mating behaviour in two loose-housing systems for sows 184
D S Arey, J Messinger & MN obre

The effects of farrowing system design on gilt behaviour 185
J N Marchant, R M Förde, S Corning & D M Broom

Prediction and manipulation of weaning to ovulation interval in the sow 186
N S Prathalingam, SA Edwards, F MDavidson, WHealey, L Prieto, A Tarongi
& P R English

The influence of parity on lactational oestrus in a multisuckling system for sows 187
J Rigat, S A Edwards & P R English

The effect of parity, litter size and sow body reserves on Ig content of sow colostrum 188
L Prieto, NSPrathalingam, A Tarongi, F M Davids on, P R English, JA Rooke,
MEwen & S A Edwards

The acquisition of lgG from colostrum by piglets 189
I M Bland, JA Rooke, V C Bland, A G Sinclair and S A Edwards

Mammary gland order and piglet growth during laction 190
S W Kim, W L Hurley & R A Easter

Effect of environmental enrichment on pig welfare as measured by physiological and pathological 191
parameters
N E O'Connell, V E Beattie & B W Moss
The influence of environmental enrichment on behaviour, performance and meat quality of domestic 192
pigs
V E Beattie, N E ö'Connell & B W Moss

Differences in meat quality and the calpain enzyme system in pigs supplied by 4 different commercial 193
production units
P L Sensky, T Parr, G P Scothern, R G Bardsley, P J Buttery, JD Wood& C C Warkup

The effect of breed on calpastatin isoforms and longissimus shear force in pigmeat 194
P L Sensky, T Parr, R G Bardsley, P J Buttery, & C C Warkup

MILK PRODUCTION

Ethical attitudes of consumers and farmers to the use of two dairy technologies: Bovine somatotrophin 195
(BST) and Automated Milking Systems ( AMS)
K MMillar, S M Tomkins & TB Mepham

The stockperson as a resource on dairy farms 196
M F Seabrook & J M Wilkinson

Describing the lactation curve of dairy animals 197
GEPollott

The effect of days in milk and physiological state (number of mammary glands milked) on the 198
partitioning of increments ofmetabolisable energy in dairy cows
R M Kirkland & F J Gordon

To determine the relationships between age, weight and size in Holstein heifers between 100 and 300 199
kg liveweight
HJBiggadike, CA Collins, S B Drew & P NJohnson

Genotype by nutrition interactions from Langhill dairy cows in three lactations 200
J E Pryce, G Simm, R F Veerkamp & J D öldham

Choice feeding of mid lactation dairy cows offered different levels of effective rumen degradable 201
protein concentrate and grass silage ad libitum
R E Layvson & J M Forbes

Effect on milk production in dairy cows of feeding grass silage and maize silage as a mixture, or 202
separately within days, or on alternate days, with low or high protein supplements
J S Syed & J D Leaver

Estimating meal criteria for meal pattern analysis of dairy cows 203
B J Tolkamp, D JAllcroft & l Kyriazakis

Milk production from dairy cows fed an alternative to fish meal 204
R D Allison & P C Garnsworthy

Effect of dietary protein levels on milk yield and composition of cows infused into absomasum with 205
methionine and lysine
ESmoler, A Arieli, I Bruckental, A Bor, S Abrhamson, SZam\vell, MNicbachat & H Lerrer

Prediction of milk protein content from elements of the Metabolisable Protein System and the effect of 206
ether extract on prediction precision of models
E Smoler

A comparison of the prediction of intake and milk yield in high yielding dairy cows using either the 207
UK rationing system or the Comell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System
R JMansbridge, J S Blake & I Bending
Milk production from dairy cows offered perennial ryegrass selected for high water soluble carbohydrate 208
concentrations compared to a control grass

L A Miller, M A Neville, D H Baker, R TEvans, M K Theodorou, J C MacRae,
M O Humphreys & J M Moorby

The occurrence of conjugated linoleic acid in the milk of dairy cows 209
A L Lock & P C Garnsworthy

RUMINANT NUTRITION

Conditioned feeding responses in sheep towards flavoured foods associated with casein administration: 210
the role of long delay learning
G Arsenos, J Hills & I Kyriazakis

Characterisation and evaluation of a commercial enzyme for improving the nutritive value of ruminant 211
feeds
D Colombatto, MKBhat, F L Mould & E Owen

Influence of ammonia concentration on [15 N] ammonia uptake and de novo synthesis of differenamino 212
acids by mixed rumen micoorganisms from the sheep rumen in vitro
CAtasoglu, CJNewbold & R J Wallace

Comparison of procedures for estimating microbial contamination of feed residues in the in situ bag 213
procedure of measuring protein degradation in the rumen of sheep
F K Avornyo & E L Miller

Comparison of (15)N and purines as microbial markers in a RÜSITEC system 214
M D Carro & E L Miller

Microbial contribution to the duodenal flow of purine bases in cattle 215
F Vicente, JA Guada, JBalcells & C Castrillo

Effect of feeding level and substitution of barley grain by citrus pulp in ammonia-treated straw diets on 216
digestibility and microbial synthesis efficiency in sheep
A Barrios-Urdaneta, C Castrillo, M Fondevila & F Vincente

An examintation of the effect of concentrate energy source on rumen fermentaiton characteristics of dairy 217
cattle offered grass silages of differing intake characteristics
T WJKeady, C S Mayne & D A Fitzpatrick

The prediction of methane production in dairy and beef cattle offered grass silage-based diets 218
T Yan, R E Agnew, F J Gordon & M G Porter

LAMENESS

Characterisation and comparison of the lipids of the epidermis of the equine hoof wall and sole 219
E Grant, J RScaife & MBirnie

Evaluation of external claw dimensions and internal solear soft tissue characteristics in Holstein-Friesian 220
female cattle of vary ing ages
D E Cross, H Galbraith, D Finn & M Birnie

The incidence of lameness in a group of dairy herds in England 221
M A Kossaibati & R J Esslemont

MINORITY SPECIES

The effect of dietary energy source on diet digestibility and growth performance of rainbow trout 222
R N Weatherup & K J McCracken

Nutritive value of caecum microorganism and caecotrophes in rabbits 223
JMGanuza, JBalcells, JFPerez, MFondevila & D S Parker

Growth and carcass characteristics of camels given different levels of protein and energy in Iran 224
YRouzbehan, A Shadmanesh, NDebiri & MEs lam i

The effect of 'flavour imprinting' on the acceptability of solid food in weanling rats 225
J E L Day, E A J Randall & R M Sibly
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