Preface............................................................................................................ xxv
COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM)
VOL. 1, 1999
The Combustion Institute ................................................................................ xxvii
Technical Program Committee ......................................................................... xxxi
Session Chairs................................................................................................. xxxix
Introduction.................................................................................................... xli
VOLUME ONE
HOTTEL PLENARY LECTURE
Lasers in Combustion: From Basic Theory to Practical Devices. J . Wolfmm ......... 1
GENERAL DIAGNOSTICS
Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Flame Heat Release
Rate. P. H. Paul and H. N. Najm .................................................................... 43
Real-Time Calibration of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Air-Fuel Ratio
Measurements in Combustion Environments Using in situ Raman
Scattering. M. Richter, B. Axelsson, K. Nyholm and M. Alden ........................... 51
Calibration and Comparison of Laser-Induced Incandescence with Cavity Ring-
Down. R L. VanderWal............................................................................... 59
Temperature and Mixture Fraction Measurements in Gases by Laser-Induced
Electrostrictive Gratings. B. Hemmerlin^, W. Hubschmid
and A. Stampanoni-Panariello ....................................................................... 69
Crossed-Plane Laser Tomography: Direct Measurement of the Flamelet Surface
Normal. D.C.Bingham, f. C.CouldinandD. A, Knaus ................................. 77
Quasi-Instantaneous Two-Dimensional Temperature Measurements in a Spark
Ignition Engine Using 2-Line Atomic Fluorescence. C. F. Kaminski,
J. EnGstromandM. Alden ............................................................................. 85
Advanced Diode Laser Absorption Sensor for in situ Combustion Measurements
of COg, H^O, and Gas Temperature. R M. Mihalcea, D. S. Baer
and R. JL Hanson ......................................................................................... 95
Real-Time Adaptive Combustion Control Using Diode-Laser Absorption Sensors.
E. R. Furlong D. S. Baer and R. K. Hanson ................................................... 103
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
Some Unusual Aspects of Unimolecular Falloff of Importance in Combustion
Modeling. J H. Kiefer ................................................................................... 113
ELEMENTARY REACTION KINETICS
The Branching Ratio in the Thermal Decomposition of H^CO. S. S. Kumaran,
J.J.. CarrollandJ. V Michael ........................................................................ 125
Single-Pulse Shock-Tube Study on the Decomposition of I-Pentyl Radicals.
W Tsang. J. A. Walker and J. A. Manion ........................................................ 135
Pyrolysis of Cyclopentadievie: Rates for Initial C-H Bond Fission and the
Decomposition ofc-C5H5 R. D. Kern, Q. Zhang, J. Yao, B. S. Jursic,
R. S. Tranter, M. A. Greybill and J. H. Kiefer .................................................. 143
A Theoretical Analysis of the Reaction of H with C^Hg. L. B. Hording
and S.f. Klippenstein ................................................................................... 151
H + CH^CO -> CH3 + CO at High Temperature: A High Pressure Chemical
Activation Reaction with Positive Barrier. J. Hranisavljevic, S. S. Kumaran and
J. V Michael ................................................................................................ 159
Modeling the Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Reaction HO + CO
=HOCO = H +- C02.J. Troe .................................................................... 167
Measurement of the Rate Constant for H + 02 + M -> HO2 + M (M = N2,
Ar) Using Kinetic Modeling of the High-Pressure H2/O2/NOx Reaction.
M. A. Mueller, R. A. Yetter and E L. Dryer ..................................................... 177
Rate Coefficient of H+02+M-» HO2 +M (M = H2O, N2 Ar, CO2).
P. J. Ashman and B. S. Haynes ...................................................................... 185
High-Temperature Reactions of C2 with Atomic and Molecular Oxygen. T Kruse
and P. Roth .................................................................................................. 193
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis Using ab initio Calculations on Dimethyl-
Ether Radical + 02 Reaction System. T Yarnada, J. W. Bo^elli and T. Lay ...... 201
Kinetic Investigations of the Reactions of Toluene and of p-Xylene with Molecular
Oxygen between 1050 and 1400 K. R. A. Eng C. Fittschen, A. Gebert,
P. Hibomvschi, H. HipplerandA.-N. Unterreiner ............................................ 211
The Recombination of Hydrogen Atoms with Nitric Oxide at High Temperatures.
P. Clarborg, M. 0stberg M, Almeta, K. Dam-Johansen and]. A. Miller ............ 219
Wide-Temperature-Range Kinetics of the BO Reactions with 02, HCl, and C02.
Comparison to AlO Reactions. D. P. Belyung G. T. Dalakos, J.-D. R. Rocha and
A. Fontijn .................................................................................................... 227
Some Chemical Kinetics Issues in Reburning: The Branching Fraction of the
HCCO + NO Reaction. J. A Mille,J. L. DurantandP. Glarborg................ 235
Sublimation and Dissociation of Cyanuric Acid Particles and Dissociation of
Isocyanic Acid Vapor. C. N. Schadint and P. Roth ........................................... 245
Three-Dimensional Quantum Mechanical Study of the NH(X3<-) + NO
Reaction. H. Szicllman, M. Baer, H.-R. Volpp and J. Wolfram .......................... 253
Dissociation of SiCi4 Based on Cl- and Si-Concentration Measurements. A. Kunz
andP. Roth .................................................................................................. 261
INVITED PLENARY LECTURE
Modeling of the Chemical Complexities of Flames. P. Lindstedt .......................... 269
KINETIC MECHANISMS, MODELS, AND EXPERIMENTS
An Experimental and Two-Dimensional Modeling Investigation of Combustion
Chemistry in a Laminar Non-Plug-Flow Reactor. J. F. Roesler .......................... 287
An Augmented Reduced Mechanism for Methane Oxidation with Comprehensive
Global Parametric Validation. C. J. Sung C. K. Lau) and J.-Y. Chen .................. 295
An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Propyne Oxidation. S. C. Davis,
C. K. Law and H. Wang ............................................................................... 305
Thermal Decomposition of Indene. Experimental Results and Kinetic Modeling.
A. LaskinandA. Lifshitz .............................................................................. 313
Shock-Tube Study on the High-Temperature Pyrolysis of Phenol. C. Horn,
K. Roy, P. Frank and T. Just .......................................................................... 321
High-Temperature Investigations on the Pyrolysis of Cyclopentadiene. K. Roy,
C. Horn, R Frank, V. C. Slutsky and T. Just .................................................... 329
Modeling the Combustion of Toluene-Butane Blends. S. D. Klotz, K. Brezinsky
and 1. Glassman ........................................................................................... 337
Autoignition ofn-Pentane and I-Pentene: Experimental Data and Kinetic
Modeling. M. Ribaucour, R. Minetti and L. R. Socket ...................................... 345
Oxidation of Oxygenated Octane Improvers: MTBE, ETBE, DIPE, and TAME.
A. Coldaniga, T. Faravelli, E. Ranzi, P. Dagaut and M. Cathonnet .................... 353
The Oxidation and Ignition ofDimethylether from Low to High Temperature
(500-1600 K): Experiments and Kinetic Modeling. P. Dagaut, C. Daly,
J. M. Simmie and M. Cathonnet ..................................................................... 361
The Effects of Pressure, Temperature, and Concentration on the Reactivity of
Alkanes: Experiments and Modeling in a Hapid Compression Machine. C. K.
Westbrook, H. J. Curran, W.J. Pit.J. F. Griffiths, C. Mohamedand S. K. Wo ... 371
Oxidation of Automotive Primary Reference Fuels at Elevated Pressures.
H. J. Curran, W.J. Pitz, C. K. Westbrook, C. V. Callahan and F. L. Dryer ......... 379
An Experimental and Kinetic Calculation of the Promotion Effect of
Hydrocarbons on the NO-NO2 Conversion in a Flow Reactor. M. Hori,
N. Matsunaga, N. Marinov, W. Pitz and C. Westbrook ..................................... 389
Effect of Dimethyl Ether, NOx, and Ethane on CH^ Oxidaton: High Pressure,
Intermediate-Temperature Experiments and Modeling. T. Amano
and EL. Dryer ............................................................................................ 397
The Mechanism of High-Temperature Oxidation of Carborane C2B4H6 by Water
Vapor. V C. Slutsky, S. A. Tsyganov and E. S. Sevenn ..................................... 405
The Combustion ofTrichloroethylene Studied with Vacuum Ultraviolet
Photoionization Mass Spectrometry. J. H. Werner and T. A. Cool ..................... 413
A Kinetic Model for the Formation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Premixed
Laminar Flames. A. D'Anna and A. Violi ........................................................ 425
LAMINAB PREMIXED FLAMES
An Experimental Investigation of Premixed Fuel-Rich Low-Pressure Propene/
Oxygen/Argon Flames by Laser Spectroscopy and Molecular-Beam Mass
Spectrometry. B. Atakan, A. T. Hartlieb, J. Brand and K. Kohse-Hoinghaus ....... 435
Radical Concentration Profiles in a Low-Pressure Methane-Air Flame Measured
by Intracavity Laser Absorption and Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy.
V. A. Lozovsky, I. Derzy and S. Cheskis ......................................................... 445
HCO Concentration in Flames via Quantitative Laser-Induced Fluorescence.
E. W.-G. Diau, C. P. Smith, J. B. Jeffries and D. R. Crosley .............................. 453
CCI, CH, and NO LIF Measurements in Methane-Air Flames Seeded with
Chlorinated Species: Influence of CH3Cl and CH2C2 on CCI and NO
Formation. P. Devynck, P. Desgroux, L. Gasnot, E. Therssen
and J. . E Pauwels .......................................................................................... 461
Absolute Radical Concentration Measurements and Modeling of Low-Pressure
CH4/O2/NO Flames. W. Juchmann, H. Latzel, D. 1. Shin, C. Peiter, T. Dreier,
H. -R. Volpp, J. Wolfram, R. P. Lindstedt and K. M. Leung ............................... 469
Kinetic Study of Methyl tert -Butyl Ether (MTBE) Oxidation in Flames.
A. van der LOGS, J. Vandooren and P. J. van Tiggelen ........... 477
Formation of NOx, CH4, and 02 Species in Laminar Methanoi Flames. S. C. Li
and F. A. WilUaim ........................................................................................ 485
A Re-Evaluation of the Means Used to Calculate Transport Properties of Reacting
Flows. P. Paul andJ. Wamatz ........................................................................ 495
Automatically Simplified Chemical Kinetics and Molecular Transport and Its
Applications in Premixed and Non-Premixed Laminar Flame Calculations.
T. Blasenbrey, D. Schmidt and U. Maas .......................................................... 505
Direct Experimental Determination of Laminar Flame Speeds.
C. M. Vagelopoulos and E N. Egolfopoulos ..................................................... 513
Laminar Flame Speeds and Oxidation Kinetics of iso-Octane-Air and n-Heptane-
Air Flames. S. G. Davis and C. K Law .......................................................... 521
Laminar Flame Speeds and Oxidation Kinetics of Tetrachloromethane.
J. C. Leylegian, C. K. Law and H. Wang ........................................................ 529
Two-Dimensional Failure Waves and Ignition Fronts in Premixed Combustion.
T. C. Vedarajan, J. Buckmaster and P. Ronney ................................................ 537
Asymptotic Flame Shapes and Speeds of Hydrodynamically Unstable Laminar
Flames. L.-Z. Ma and J. Chomiak .................................................................. 545
Pulsating Instability in Near-Limit Propagation of Rich Hydrogen/Air Flames.
E. W. Chnstiansen, C.J. Sung and C. K. Law ................................................. 555
LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES
Effects of Finite Time Response and Soot Deposition on Thin Filament
Pyrometry Measurements in Time-Varying Diffusion Flames. W. M. Pitts,
tL C. Smyth and D. A. Everest ...................................................................... 563
Two-Dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation of Opposed-Jet Hydrogen-Air
Diffusion Flame. C. E. Frouzakis, J. Lee, A. G. Tomboulides
and K. Boulouchos........................................................................................ 571
Local Equilibrium Temperature as a Measure of Stretch and Preferential
Diffusion Effects in Counterflow H2/Air Premixed Flames. S. D. Lee,
D. H.Chung and S. H.Chung ....................................................................... 579
Interaction of a Vortex with a Flat Flame Formed between Opposing Jets of
Hydrogen and Air. V R. Katta, C. D. Carter, G. J. Fiechtner, W M. Roquemore,
f. R. GordandJ. C. Rolon ............................................................................ 587
A Simplified Approach to the Numerical Description of Methane-Air Diffusion
Flames. M. Bollig , A. Linan, A. L. Sanchez and F. A. Williams ......................... 595
Chemical Kinetic Modeling of a Methane Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flame and
Comparison to Experiments. N. M. Marinov, W .J. Pitz, C. K Westbrook,
A. E. Lutz, A. M. Vincitore and S. M. Senkan ................................................. 605
Experimental and Computational Study of CH, CH*, and OH* in an
Axisymmetric Laminar Diffusion Flame. fL T. Walsh, M. B. Long, M. A. Tanoff
and M. D. Smooke ........................................................................................ 615
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Structure of Steady Two-
Dimensional Partially Premixed Methane-Air Flames. Z. Shu,B. J. Krass,
C. W. Choi, S. tL Agganual, V R. Katta and L K. Pun .................................... 625
Measurements of Formaldehyde Concentrations and Formation Rates in a
Methane-Air, Non-Premixed Flame and Their Implications for Heat-Release
Rate. M. P. Tolocka and J. H. Miller ........................................................ 633
Non-Premixed Hydrocarbon Ignition at High Strain Rates. F. N. Egolfopoulos and
R E. Dimotakis ............................................................................................ 641
Structure and Extinction of Non-Premixed n-Heptane Flames. R. Seiser,
L. Tmett, D. Trees and K. Seshadri ................................................................ 649
Wrinkling, Pocket Formation, and Double premixed flame interaction processes
P. -H. Renard, J. C. Rolon, D. Thevenin and S. Candel ..................................... 659
Triple Flames in Mixing Layers with Nonunity Lewis Numbers. J. Daou
and A. Linan ................................................................................................ 667
Attachment Mechanisms of Diffusion Flames. F. Takahashi, W. J. Schrnoll
andV R. Katta ............................................................................................ 675
Transient Local Extinction and Reignition Behavior of Diffusion Flames Affected
by Flame Curvature and Preferential Diffusion. K. Yoshida and T. Takag ......... 685
Computational and Experimental Study of a Forced, Time-Varying, Axisymmetric,
Laminar Diffusion Flame. R. K. Mohammed, M. A. Tanoff, M. D. Smooke,
A. M. SchafferandM. B. Long ...................................................................... 693
Oscillatory Stretch Effects on the Structure and Extinction of Counterflow
Diffusion Flames. T. M. Brown, R. W. Pitz and C. J. Sung ............................... 703
A Computational Study of Local Quenching in Flame-Vortex Interactions with
Radiative Losses. G. Patnaik and fL Kailasanath ............................................. 711
Extinction Processes during a Non-Premixed Flame-Vortex Interaction.
D. Thevenin, P. H. Renard, J. C. Rolon and S. Candel ..................................... 719
Measurements Flame Speeds in Combustible Vortex Rings: Validity of the
Back-Pressure Drive Flame Propagation Mechanism. S. Ishizuka, T. Hamasaki,
K, Ko^muraandR. Hasegawa ....................................................................... 727
VorLiciLy Generation and Flame Di^toilion IndLiced by Shock Flame Interaction.
Y.Ju,A. ShimanoandO. Inoue ..................................................................... 735
Effect of the Discrete Nature of Heat Sources on Flame Propagation in
Particulate Suspensions. S. Goroshin, J. H. S. Lee and Yu. Shoshin ................... 743
PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION
Laser Imaging of Conditional Velocities in Premixed Propane-Air Flames by
Simultaneous OH PLIF and PIV. P. A. M. Kalt, J. H. Frank and R. W Bilker .... 751
Simultaneous Rayleigh, Raman, and LIF Measurements in Turbulent Premixed
Methane-Air Flames. J. H. Frank and R. S. Barlow ......................................... 759
Investigation of Scalar Mixing in the Thin Reaction Zones Regime Using a
Simultaneous CH-LIF/Rayleigh Laser Technique. M. S. Mansour, N. Peters and
Y.-C. Chen ................................................................................................... 767
A Comparison between Dynamic and Scalar Timescales in Lean Premixed
Turbulent Flames. L. Cagnepain, C. Chauveau and 1. Cokalp .......................... 775
Measurement of the Resolved Flame Structure of Turbulent Premixed Flames
with Constant Reynolds Number and Varied Stoichiometry A. Soika,
E DinkelackerandA. Leipertz ...................................................................... 785
Turbulence, Scalar Transport, and Reaction Rates in Flame-Wall Interaction.
T. M. Alshaalan and C. J. Rutland .................................................................. 793
Vorticity and Scalar Transport in Premixed Turbulent Combustion. D. S. Louch
andK. N. C. Bray ........................................................................................ 801
Investigation of Flame Broadening in Turbulent Premixed Flames in the Thin-
Reaction-Zones Regime. Y.-C. Chen and M. S. Mansour .................................. 811
Correlation of Flame Speed with Stretch in Turbulent Premixed Methane/Air
Flames. J. H. Chen and H. C. 1m .................................................................. 819
Local Flame Propagation Speeds Along Wrinkled, Unsteady, Stretched Premixed
Flames. J. 0. Sinibaldi, C. J. Mueller and J. R Driscoll .................................... 827
Statistics of Flame Displacement Speeds from Computations of 2-D Unsteady
Methane-Air Flames. N. Peters, P. Terhoeven,J. H. Chen and T. Echekki .......... 833
Effects of Stretch on the Local Structure of Freely Propagating Premixed Low-
Turbulent Flames with Various Lewis Numbers. B. Renou, A. Boukhalfa,
D. PuecJlberty and M. Trinite ........................................................................ 841
The Modeling of Aerodynamic Strain Rate and Flame Curvature Effects in
Premixed Turbulent Combustion. D. Bradley, P. H. GaskellandX. J. Gu .......... 849
Structure of Locally Quenched Highly Turbulent Lean Premixed Flames.
F. Dinkelacker, A. Soika, D. Most, D. Hofmann, A. Leipertz, W. Polifke
and K Dobbeling ......................................................................................... 857
Characteristics of the Velocity Field near the Instantaneous Base of Lifted Non-
Premixed Turbulent Jet Flames. E. F. HasselbrinkJr. and M. G. Mungal ........... 867
Effect of Oscillatory Stretch on the Flame Speed of Wall-Stagnating Premixed
Flame. T. Hirasawa, T. Ueda,A. MatsuoandM. Mixomoto .............................. 875
Strong Acoustic Forcing on Conical Premixed Flames. D. Durox, S. Ducruix and
R Baillot...................................................................................................... 883
Turbulent Flame Propagation in Partially Premixed Combustion. J. Helie and
A. Trouve..................................................................................................... 891
Application of a Flame-Wrinkling LES Combustion Model to a Turbulent Mixing
Layer. H. G. Wetter, G. Tabor, A. D. Gasman and C. Fureby ............................ 899
Tlie Burning Rate in Turbulent Bunsen Flames. 1. C. Shepherd, E. Bourguignon,
Y. Michou and L Gokalp ............................................................................... 909
Direct Numerical Simulation Analysis of Flame Surface Density Concept for
Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Premixed Combustion. M. Boger,
D. Veynante, H. Boughanern and A. Trouve .................................................... 917
Pocket Formation and the Flame Surface Density Equation. W. Kottmann
and J. H. Chen ............................................................................................. 927
A New Experimental Technique for the Study of Turbulent Premixed Flames.
S. A. Jones, G. 0. Thomas and S. S. lbrahim .................................................. 935
Experimental Study on General Correlation of Turbulent Burning Velocity at
High Pressure. H. Kobayashi, Y. Katuabata and K. Marnta .............................. 941
Velocity and Scalar Statistics for Premixed Turbulent Stagnation Flames Using
PIV. E. J. Stevens, K. N. G. Bray and B. Lecordier .......................................... 949
Second Moment Modeling of Premixed Turbulent Flames Stabilized in Impinging
Jet Geometries. R. P. Lindstedt and E. M. Vaos .............................................. 957
On the Consumption of Fuel Pockets via Inwardly Propagating Flames. G. J. Sun
and C. K. Law ............................................................................................. 963
The Domain of Influence of Flame Instabilities in Turbulent Premixed
Combustion. H. Boughanern and A. Trouve .................................................... 971
Mass Flux Measurements for Burning Rate Determination of Premixed Turbulent
Flames. G. Chenai, F. G. Couldin and I. Gokalp ............................................. 979
Non-Gaussian Statistics of a Passive Scalar in Turbulent Flows.
J. Mi, R. A. Antonia, C. J. Nathan and R. E. Luxton ........................................ 989
One-Dimensional Rarnan Scattering for Determination of Multipoint Joint Scalar
Probability Density Functions in Turbulent Diffusion Flames. N. Ebersohl,
Th. Klos, R. Suntz and H. Bockhom ............................................................... 997
Three-Scalar Imaging in Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames of Methane.
I. Fielding A. M. Schaffer and M. B. Long ..................................................... 1007
Time-Series Analysis and Measurements of Intermediate-Species Concentration
Spectra in Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames. M. W. Renfro, Y. R. Sivathanu,
J. P. Gore, G. B. Kmg and N. M. Laurendeau ................................................. 1015
Laser-Diagnostic and Numerical Study of Strongly Swirling Natural Gas Flames.
T. Landenfeld, A. Kremer, E. P. Hassel, J. Janicka, T. Schafer, J. Kaxemvadel,
C. ShukandJ. Wolfrum ............................................................................... 1023
The Instantaneous Spatial Structure of the Recirculation Zone in Bluff-Body
Stabilized Flames. A. R. Masri, J. B. Kelman and B. B. Dally ........................... 1031
Statistical Investigation of the Turbulent Flame Geometrical Structures in a
Liquid Oxygen/Gaseous Hydrogen Shear-Coaxial Jet. A. Cessou, R Colin
andD, Stepowski ......................................................................................... 1039
Ignition of Hydrogen-Air Mixing Layer in Turbulent Flows.
H. G. 1m. I. H. Chen and C. K. Laiv .............................................................. 1047
Unsteady Flamelet Modeling of Turbulent Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flames.
H. Pitsch,M. Chen and N. Peters ................................................................... 1057
On the Validity of the Assumed Probability Density Function Method for
Modeling Binary Mixing/Reaction of Evaporated Vapor in Gas/Liquid-Droplet
Turbulent Shear Flow. R. S. Miller and J. Bellan ............................................. 1065
PDF Simulation of Turbulent Non-Premixed CH4/-Air Flames Using
Automatically Reduced Chemical Kinetics. K. Xiao, D. Schmidt and U. Maas .... 1073
PDF Calculations of Major and Minor Species in a Turbulent Piloted Jet Flame.
V SaxenaandS. B. Pope ............................................................................... 1081
Effects of Turbulence on Species Mass Fractions in Methane/Air Jet Flames.
R. S. Barlow and J. H. Frank .................................................................... 1087
Second-Order Conditional Moment Closure for Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames.
A. Kronenburg. R. W. Bilker and I. H. Kent .................................................... 1097
Coupling of Diffusion Flame Structure to an Unsteady Vortical Flow-Field.
C. J. MuellerandR. W Schefer ..................................................................... 1105
The Relationship between Vorticity/Strain and Reaction Zone Structure in
Turbulent Non-Premixed Jet Flames.J. E. RehmandN. T. Clemens ................. 1113
Local Extinction in an Unsteady Methane-Air Jet Diffusion Flame. V R. Katta,
K. Y. Hsu and W. M. Roquemore .................................................................... 1121
Numerical Visualizaton and Residence Time Determination of Turbulent
Reacting Duct Flow with Mass Bleed and a Backstep on One Wall. T.-M. Lion
and P.-W. Hlvang.......................................................................................... 1131
Experimental and Numerical Study of a Highly Diluted Turbulent Diffusion
Flame Close to Blowout. M. M. Tacke, S. Linolu, S. Ceiss, E. P. Hassel,
J.JanickaandJ. Y. Chen ............................................................................... 1139
Effect ofLiftoffon NOx Emission of Turbulent Jet Flame in High-Temperature
Coflowing Air. T. Fujimori, D. Riechelmann and J. Sato ................................... 1149
A Detailed Investigation of tlie Stabilization Point of Lifted Turbulent Diffusion
Flames. M. M. Tacke, D. Ceyer, E. P. Hansel and J, janicka .............................. 1157
Observations on the Stabilization Region of Lifted Non-Premixed Methane
Transverse Jet Flames. E. F. Hasselbrink Jr. and M. G. Mungal ........................ 1167
The Effect of Coflow Velocity on a Lifted Methane-Air Jet Diffusion Flame.
C.J. Montgomert J, C. R. Kaplan and E. S. Oran ............................................. 1175
Correlation Analysis of Direct Numerical Simulation Data of Turbulent Non-
Premixed Flames. U. Maas and D. Thevenin ................................................... 1183
Conditional Variance Equation and Its Analysis. N. Sluaminathan
and R. W. Bilker ........................................................................................... 1191
The Mathematical Modeling of Liftoff and Blowoff of Turbulent Non-Premixed
Methane Jet Flames at High Strain Rates. D. Bradley, P. H. Caskell
and X.J. Cu................................................................................................. 1199
Evaluation of Strain-Rate Effects in Transitional, Round Jets Using Direct
Numerical Simulation. J. Mathew .................................................................. 1207
Flow-Combustion Interactions in the Near Field of High Darnkohler Number
Non-Premixed Exothermic Jets. M. C. Soteriou .............................................. 1213
Turbulent Ignition of Non-Premixed Hydrogen by Heated Counterflowing
Atmospheric Air.J. D. Blouch, C. J. Sung, C. G. Fotache and C. K. Law ........... 1221
Effects of Fuel-Air Mixing on Flame Structures and NOx Emissions in Swirling
Methane Jet Flames. T. S. Cheng Y.-C. Chao, D.-C. Wu, T. Yuan,
C. -C. Lu, C. -K Cheng and J. -M. Chang ......................................................... 1229
Investigating the Effects of Edge Flames in Liftoff in Non-Premixed Turbulent
Combustion. V Favier and L. Vervisch ........................................................... 1239
A Comparison between Frequency- and Amplitude-Modulated Adaptive Control
of a Non-Premixed Flame. B. A. Strayer, D. Dunn-Rankin and F. Jabbari ......... 1247
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
The Role of Research in Practical Incineration Systems—A Look at the Past and
the Future. J. S. Lighty and J. M. Veranth ...................................................... 1255
INCINERATION AND FUEL SUBSTITUTION
PIC Formation during the Combustion of Simple Hydrocarbons in
Inhomogeneous Incineration Systems. C. Procaccini, M. Kraft, H. Fey,
H. Bockhorn,J. P. Longwell, A. F. Sarofim andK. A. Smith .............................. 1275
Hazardous Air Pollutant and Ozone Precursor Emissions from a Low-NOx
Natural Gas-Fired Industrial Burner. T N. Demayo, M. M. Miyasato
and G. S. Samuelsen ..................................................................................... 1283
Experimental Study on the Dependence of Burnout on the Operation Conditions
and Physical Properties in Wastewater Incineration. K Ehrhardt, A, Ehret and
W. Leuckel................................................................................................... 1293
Simultaneous Laser-Based in situ Detection of Oxygen and Water in a Waste
Incinerator for Active Combustion Control Purposes. V. Ehert, J. Fitter,
I. Cerstenberg, K.-U. Pleban, H. Pitz J. Wolfmm, M. fochem and J. Martin ...... 1301
Observations of Spray Density Effects on Multicomponent Chlorinated
Hydrocarbon Vaporization and Thermal Destruction. H. L. Clack,
C. F. Koshland, D. Lucas and R. F Sawyer ..................................................... 1309
Energetics to Energy: Combustion and Environmental Considerations
Surrounding the Reapplication of Energetic Materials as Boiler Fuels.
S. C. Buckley, A. L. Robinson and L. L. Baxter ............................................... 1317
Modeling of Biomass Pyrolysis Kinetics. Y. Chen, S. Charpenay, A. Jensen,
M, A. Wojtowicz and M. A. Seno ................................................................. 1327
Wood-Char Gasification: Experiments and Analysis on Single Particles and Packed
Beds. S. Dasappa, P. J. Paul, H. S. Mukunda and U. Shrinivasa ........................ 1335
Gasification of Polystyrene as Initial Step in Incineration, Fires, or Smoldering of
Plastics. H. Bockhorn, A. Hornung and U. Hornung ........................................ 1343
Interactions between Coal and Biomass when Cofiring. A. L. Robinson,
H. Junker, S. G. Buckley, C. Sclippa and L. L. Baxter ..................................... 1351
Syngas Production Using Superadiabatic Combustion of Ultra-Rich Methane-Air
Mixtures. M. K. Drayton, A. V Saveliev, L. A. Kennedy, A. A. Fridman
and Y-E.Li................................................................................................. 1361
NO, Formation and Control
NO Emission Characteristics of Methane-Air Coflow Partially Premixed Flame. X.
L. Zhu, M. Nishioka and T. Takeno ................................................................ 1369
Nitric Oxide Formation and Reburn in Low-Pressure Methane Flames.
P. A. Berg G. P. Smith, J. B. Jeffries and D. R. Crosley .................................... 1377
Mechanism of Nitric Oxide Formation in Oxygen-Natural Gas Combustion.
J.-M. Samaniego, B. Labegorre, F. N. Egolfopoulos, M, Ditaranto,
I.-C. SautetandO, Charon ........................................................................... 1385
Ny0x Formation in Lean Premixed Combustion of Methane in a High-Pressure
Jet-Stirred Reactor. K U. M. Bengtsson, P. Benz, R. Scharen and
C. E. Frouzakis ............................................................................................ 1393
Quantitative Laser-Based Measurements and Detailed Chemical Kinetic
Modeling of Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Methane-Air Counterflow
Diffusion Flames. V Sick, F. Hildenbrand and P. Lindstedt .............................. 1401
Dominant Chemistry and Physical Factors Affecting NO Formation and Control
in Oxy-Fuel Burning. C. J. Sung and C. K. Law .............................................. 1411
Experimental and Kinetic Studies on the Effect of Sulphur-Nitrogen Interactions
on NO Formation in Flames. W Nirnmo, E. Hampartsoumian,
KJ. HughesandA.S, Tomlin ....................................................................... 1419
Finite-Rate Mixing Effects in Reburning. C. M. Cha, J. C. Kramlich
and G. Kosaly .............................................................................................. 1427
NOx and Fuel Emissions in Combustion of Hydrogen/Air Mixtures Near Inert
Surfaces. P. Aghalayam and D. G. Vlachos ...................................................... 1435
Promotion of Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of NO by Sodium Carbonate.
V M. Zamansky, P. M. Maly, L. Ho, V. V Lissianski, D. Rush
and W. C. GardinerJr. .................................................................................. 1443
Nitric-Oxide Emissions Scaling of Buoyancy-Dominated Oxygen-Enriched and
Preheated Methane Turbulent-Jet Diffusion Flames. L. T. Yap,
M. Pourkashanian, L. Howard, A. Williams and R. A. Yetter ............................ 1451
SOOT FORMATION AND DESTRUCTION
Properties of Carbonaceous Nanoparticles in Flat Premixed C2H4/Air Flames
with C/O Ranging from 0.4 to Soot Appearance Limit. P. Minutolo, G. Cambi
and-A. D'Alessio ........................................................................................... 1461
Evolution of Compositional and Structural Properties of Soot in Premixed Alkane
Flames. R. H. Munoz and T T. Charalampopoulos .................................... 1471
Spectroscopic and Compositional Signatures of PAH-Loaded Mixtures in the Soot
Inception Region of a Premixed Ethylene Flame. A. Ciajolo, R. Barbella,
A. Tregrossiand L. Bonfanti .......................................................................... 1481
The Kinetic Modeling of Soot Precursors in Ethylene Flames. T. Faravelli,
A. Goldaniga and E. Ranzi ............................................................................ 1489
Computational and Experimental Study of Soot Formation in a Coflow, Laminar
Ethylene Diffusion Flame. C. S. McEnally ,A. M. Schaffer, M. B. Long,
L. D. Pfefferle, M. D. Smooke, M. B. Colket and R. J. Hall ............................... 1497
Monte Carlo Simulation of Soot Aggregation with Simultaneous Surface
Growth—Why Primary Particles Appear Spherical. P. Mitchell
and M. Frenklach ......................................................................................... 1507
Measurement of the Mass Specific Extinction Coefficient for Acetylene and
Ethene Smoke Using the Large Agglomerate Optics Facility. G. W Mulholland
and M. Y. Choi ............................................................................................. 1515
Structure and Sooting Limits in Counterflow Methane/Air and Propane/Air
Diffusion Flames from I to 5 Atmospheres. C. J. Sung, B. Li, H. Wang
and C. K. Law ............................................................................................. 1523
Effects of Oxygen and Propane Addition on Soot Formation in Counterflow
Ethylene Flames and the Role of 03 Chemistry. J. Y. Hwang, S. H. Chung and
W. Lee......................................................................................................... 1531
Flow Time Effects on Hydrocarbon Growth and Soot Formation in Coflowing
Methane/Air Non-Premixed Flames. C. S. McEnally and L. D. Pfefferle ........... 1539
Investigation of the Similarity of Soot Parameters in Ethylene Diffusion Flames
witli Different Heiglits by Extinction/Scattering Technique. S. De lulUs,
F. Cignoli, S. Benecchi and G. Zimk .............................................................. 1549
Polyyne Model of Soot Formation Process. A. V Krestinin .................................. 1557
Experimental and Numerical Study on Soot Formation in Laminar High-Pressure
Flames. M. Braun-Unkhoff, A. Chrysostomou, P. Frank, E. Cutheil,
R. LUckeratll and W. Stricker ........................................................................ 1565
Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Soot Formation in Ethylene/Air Mixtures Reacting
in a Perfectly Stirred Reactor. N. J. Brown, K. L. Reuxan and M. Frenklach ...... 1573
Soot Formation during Isothermal Pyrolysis of Carbon Tetrachloride and
Methane-Carbon Tetrachloride Mixture. S. V Shumpov and P. A. Tesner .......... 1581
Sooting Laminar Diffusion Flames: Effect of Dilution, Additives, Pressure, and
Microgravity. I. Glassman .............................................................................. 1589
Meclianism of tlie Action of Iron-Bearing Additives on Soot Formation behind
Sliock Waves. D. Tanke, H. Gg. Wanner and I. S. Zaslonko .............................. 1597
PAH Growth and Soot Formation in tire Pyrolysis of Acetylene and Benzene at
High Temperatures and Pressures: Modeling and Experiment. H. Bohm,
H.Jander and D. Tanke ................................................................................ 1605
Two-Dimensional Imaging of Soot Volume Fractions, Particle, Number Densities,
and Particle Radii in Laminar and Turbulent Diffusion Flames. H. Geitlinger,
Th. Streibel, R. Suntx and H. Bockhom .......................................................... 1613
Detailed Soot Modeling in Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames. X. S. Bai,
M. Balthasar, F. Mauss and L. Fuchs ..................................................... 1623
Evolution of Compositional and Structural Properties of Soot in Premixed Alkane
Flames. R. H. Munoz and T T. Charalampopoulos ......................................... 1471
Spectroscopic and Compositional Signatures of PAH-Loaded Mixtures in the Soot
Inception Region of a Premixed Ethylene Flame. A. Ciajolo, R. Barbella,
A. TregrossiandL. Bonfanti .......................................................................... 1481
The Kinetic Modeling of Soot Precursors in Ethylene Flames. T. Faravelli,
A. Goldaniga and E. Ranzi ............................................................................ 1489
Computational and Experimental Study of Soot Formation in a Coflow, Laminar
Ethylene Diffusion Flame. C. S. McEnally, A. M. Schaffer, M. B. Long,
L. D. Pfefferle, M. D. Smooke, M. B. Colket and R. J. Hall ............................... 1497
Monte Carlo Simulation of Soot Aggregation with Simultaneous Surface
Growth—Why Primary Particles Appear Spherical. P. Mitchell
and M. Frenklach ......................................................................................... 1507
Measurement of the Mass Specific Extinction Coefficient for Acetylene and
Ethene Smoke Using the Large Agglomerate Optics Facility. G. W Mulholland
and M. Y. Choi ............................................................................................. 1515
Structure and Sooting Limits in Counterflow Methane/Air and Propane/Air
Diffusion Flames from I to 5 Atmospheres. C. J. Sung, B. Li, H. Wang
and C. K. Law ............................................................................................. 1523
Effects of Oxygen and Propane Addition on Soot Formation in Counterflow
Ethylene Flames and the Role of C3 Chemistry. J. Y. Hwang, S. H. Chung and
W. Lee......................................................................................................... 1531
Flow Time Effects on Hydrocarbon Growth and Soot Formation in Coflowing
Methane/Air Non-Premixed Flames. C. S. McEnally and L. D. Pfefferle ........... 1539
Investigation of the Similarity of Soot Parameters in Ethylene Diffusion Flames
witli Different Heiglits by Extinction/Scattering Technique. S. De lulUs,
F. Cignoli, S. Benecchi and G. Zimk .............................................................. 1549
Polyyne Model of Soot Formation Process. A. V Krestinin .................................. 1557
Experimental and Numerical Study on Soot Formation in Laminar High-Pressure
Flames. M. Braun-Unkhoff, A. Chrysostomou, P. Frank, E. Cutheil,
R. LUckeratllandW. Stricker ........................................................................ 1565
Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Soot Formation in Ethylene/Air Mixtures Reacting
in a Perfectly Stirred Reactor. N. J. Brown, K. L. Reuxan and M. Frenklach ...... 1573
Soot Formation during Isothermal Pyrolysis of Carbon Tetrachloride and
Methane-Carbon Tetrachloride Mixture. S. V Shumpov and P. A. Tesner .......... 1581
Sooting LaminDiffusion Flames: Effect of Dilution, Additives, Pressure, and
Microgravity. I. Glassman .............................................................................. 1589
Meclianism of tlie Action of Iron-Bearing Additives on Soot Formation behind
Sliock Waves. D. Tanke, H. Gg. Wanner and 1. S. Zaslonko .............................. 1597
PAH Growth and Soot Formation in tire Pyrolysis of Acetylene and Benzene at
High Temperatures and Pressures: Modeling and Experiment. H. Bohm,
H.JanderandD. Tanke ................................................................................ 1605
Two-Dimensional Imaging of Soot Volume Fractions, Particle, Number Densities,
and Particle Radii in Laminar and Turbulent Diffusion Flames. H. Geitlinger,
Th. Streibel, R. Suntx and H. Bockhom .......................................................... 1613
Detailed Soot Modeling in Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames. X. S. Bai,
M. Balthasar, F. Mauss and L. Fuchs .............................................................. 1623
Multicomponent Coagulation and Condensation of Toxic Metals in Combustors.
S. B. Davis, T. K. Gale, J. 0. L. Wendt and W. P. Linak ................................... 1785
INVITED PLENARY LECTURE
Power Generation and Aeropropulsion Gas Turbines: From Combustion Science
to Combustion Technology. S. M. Correa ....................................................... 1793
GAS TURBINES
The Role of Equivalence Ratio Oscillations in Driving Combustion Instabilities in
Low N0x Gas Turbines. T. Lieuwen and B. T. Zinn ......................................... 1809
Control of Thermoacoustic Instabilities and Emissions in an Industrial-Type Gas-
Turbine Combustor. C. 0. Paschereit, E. Gutmark and W Weisenstein ............. 1817
Burner Emissions Associated with Lobed and Non-Lobed Fuel Injectors.
M. G. Mitchell, L. L. Smith, A. R. Karagozian and 0. L Smith ......................... 1825
NOx Emissions from Non-Premixed, Direct Fuel Injection Methane Burners at
High-Temperature and Elevated Pressure Conditions. S. Hayashi, H. Yamada,
K. ShimodairaandT.Machida ...................................................................... 1833
Simulation of Pollutant Formation in a Gas-Turbine Combustor Using Unsteady
Flamelets. H. Earths, N. Peters, N. Brehm, A. Mack, M. Pfitmer
and V. Smiljanovski ...................................................................................... 1841
An Experimental Study of Combustion Dynamics of a Premixed Swirl Injector.
J, C. Broda, S. Seo, R. J, Santoro, G. Shirhattikarand V Yang ......................... 1849
DIESEL COMBUSTION
A Group Combustion Model for Treating Reactive Sprays in I.C. Engines.
P. Stapf,H.A.Dwyer and R.R.Maly ............................................................ 1857
Tlie Effect of Fuel Volatility on Sprays from High-Pressure Swirl Injectors.
B. A. VanDerWege and S. Hochgreb .............................................................. 1865
Effects of an Ignition-Enhancing, Diesel-Fuel Additive on Diesel-Spray
Evaporation, Mixing, Ignition, and Combustion. B. Higgins, D. Siebers,
C. MuellerandA. Aradi ................................................................................ 1873
Measurements and Error Analysis of Droplet Size in Optically Thick Diesel
Sprays. T. Parker, E. Jepsen and H. McCann ................................................... 1881
DROPLET AND SPRAY COMBUSTION
Dynamics of Ignition Transience and Gasification Partition of a Droplet.
H. H. Chiu and L. H. Hu .............................................................................. 1889
Pyrolysis Product Absorption by Burning Benzene Droplets. N. D. Marsh, D. Zhu
and M. J. Womat ......................................................................................... 1897
Effects of Char Content and Simple Additives on Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Droplet
Combustion. C. R. Shaddix and P. J. Tennison ................................................ 1907
Thermo-Optical Investigation of Burning Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Droplets.
J. D'Alessio, M. Lazzaro, P, Massoli and V. Moccia .......................................... 1915
Hysteresis Effects of Two Interactive Droplets Burning in Convective Flows.
W-H. Chen, C.-C. Liu and T. L. Jiang ........................................................... 1923
Occurrence Probability of Microexplosion in Droplet Combustion of Miscible
Binary Fuels. M. Mikami, T. Yagi and N. Kojirrw ............................................. 1933
Role of Flamefront Motion and Criterion for Global Quasi-Steadiness in Droplet
Burning. L. He, S. D. Tse and'C. K. Lew ........................................................ 1943
Droplet/Flame Interactions Including Surface Tension Influences. H. A. Dvoyer,
B. D. Shaw and H. 'Nia^mand ....................................................................... 1951
Numerical Analysis of Ignition of Fuel Droplet Array in Hot Stagnant Air.
M. Goto, Y. Ju and T. moka ......................................................................... 1959
Observation of Combustion Characteristics of Droplet Clusters in a Premixed-
Spray Flame by Simultaneous Monitoring of Planar Spray Images and Local
Chemiluminescence. S. Tsushima, H. Saitoh, F. Akamatsu and M. Katsaki ........ 1967
Spray Counterflow Diffusion Flames of Heptane: Experiments and Computations
with Detailed Kinetics and Transport. M. Massot, M. Kumar, M. D. Smooke and
A. Corner..................................................................................................... 1975
Effect of Hardware Geometry on Gas and Drop Behavior in a Radial Mixer
Spray. A. Ateshkadi,V. G. McDonellandG. S. Samuelsen ................................ 1985
Quanitative Laser-Saturated Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in a
Heptane-Fueled Lean Direct-injection Spray Flame at Varying Global
Equivalence Ratios. C. S. Cooper and N. M. Laurendeau ................................ 1993
An Experimental Investigation on Non-Premixed Turbulent Spray Flames and
Their Self-Similar Behavior. A. N. Karpetis and A. Gome-z ............................... 2001
Extinction of Stretched Spray Flames with Nonunity Lewis Numbers in a
Stagnation-Point Flow. S.-S. Hou and T.-H. Lin .............................................. 2009
An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Effects of Acoustics on
Spray Combustion. R. K. Dubey, M. Q. McQuay and J. A. de Carvalho Jr. ........ 2017
The Influence of Evaporation on the Autoignition-Delay of n -Heptane Air
Mixtures under Gas Turbine Conditions. M. C. Wolff, J. Meisl, R. Koch
and S. Wimg ............................................................................................... 2025
Experimental Investigation of Flame-holding System for the Suppression of
Ramjet Rumble. E. Lubarsky and Y. Levy ...................................................... 2033
Liquid-Fueled Active Instability Suppression. K. H. Yn, K. J. Wilson and K. C.
Schadow...................................................................................................... 2039
Mixing Enhancement of Non-Uniform Density Turbulent Jets Interacting with
Normal Shock Waves. J. C. Hermanson and B. M. Cetegen .............................. 2047
INVITED PLENARY LECTURE
A New Era in Spark-Ignition Engines Featuring High-Pressure Direct Injection.
Y. Takagi ..................................................................................................... 2055
SPARK IGNITION ENGINES
Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Crevice Hydrocarbon Emissions
in a Spark-Ignited Engine. D. E Marran, M. B. Long, W. M. Studzmski,
J. C. Swindal and W. P. Acker ........................................................................ 2069
Comparative Study of Experimental and Numerical NO Profiles in SI
Combustion. C. Schuh, J. Wolfmm and V. Sick ............................................... 2077
Multidimensional Laser Diagnostic and Numerical Analysis of NO Formation in a
Gasoline Engine. G. Josefsson, 1. Ma^nusson, F. Hildenbrand, C. Schuh
and VSick .................................................................................................. 2085
Fast-Spec: An Infrared SpectrDiagnostic to Measure Time-Resolved
Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions from S.I. Engines. B. Mizaikoff, P. Fuss and
M.J. Hall .................................................................................................... 2093
Detection of Extremely Fine Carbonaceous Particles in the Exhausts of Diesel
and Spark-lginited Internal Combustion Engines, by Means of Broad-Band
Extinction and Scattering Spectroscopy in the Ultraviolet Band 190-400 nm.
A. Borghese and S. S. Merola ........................................................................ 2101
Multicomponent Liquid and Vapor Fuel Measurements in the Cylinder of a Port-
Injected, Spark Ignition Engine. P. L. Kelly-Zion, J. P. Styron, C.-F. Lee,
R. P. Lucht, J. E. Peters and R. A. White ........................................................ 2111
Assessing the Factors Affecting SI Engine Cycle-to-Cycle Variations at Idle.
P. C. Hinze and W K. Cheng ......................................................................... 2119
Nonlinear Cycle Dynamics in Lean Spark Ignition Combustion. R. M. Wanner,
J. A. Drallineier and C. S. Daw ..................................................................... 2127
HIGH SPEED COMBUSTION
Nonlinear Instabilities Leading to Rapid Mixing and Combustion in Confined
Supersonic Double-Shear-Layer Flow. A. UlnemuraandY. Takihana ................ 2135
Effects of Combustion on Flowfield in a Model SCRamjet Combustor.
S. Takahashi, K. Wakai, S. Tomioka, M. Tsue and M. Kono .............................. 2143
Macli 2.5 Experiments of Reaction Quenching in Gas Sampling for Scramjet
Engines. T. Mitani, N. Chinzei and G. Masuya ............................................... 2151
Shock-Induced Combustion in High-Speed Wedge Flows. C. 1. Morris,
M. R. KamelandR. K. Hanson ...................................................................... 2157
Combustion-Induced Pressure Effects in Supersonic Diffusion Flames. K. H. Luo
and K. N. C. Bray ........................................................................................ 2165
Experimental Investigation of Flame-Holding Capability of Hydrogen Transverse
Jet in Supersonic Cross-Flow. A. Ben-Jakar and R. K Hanson ......................... 2173
Scaling Effect of the Combustion Induced by Shock-Wave Boundary-Layer
Interaction in Premixed Gas.J.-Y. Choi, I.-S. Jeung and Y. Yoon ....................... 2181
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
The Shock Dynamics of Multidimensional Condensed and Gas-Phase
Detonations. D. S. Stewart ............................................................................ 2189
DETONATIONS
Three-Dimensional Structure of Stabilization of Oblique Detonation Wave in
Hypersonic Flow. C. Viguier, A. Gourara and D. Desbordes ............................. 2207
Initiation of Cylindrical Detonation by Rapid Energy Deposition Along a Line.
A. J. Higgins, M. L Radulescu and J. H. S. Lee ................................................ 2215
Numerical and Theoretical Studies on Detonation Initiation by a Supersonic
Projectile. Y. ]u, G. Masuya and A. Sasoh ....................................................... 2225
Detonation Wave Propagation through a Single Orifice 'Plate in a Circular Tube.
G. Ciccarelli and J. L. Boccio ........................................................................ 2233
Detonation Propagation, Decay, and Reinitiation in Nonuniform Gaseous
Mixtures. M. S. Kumetsov, V 1. Alekseev, S. B. Dorofeev, Z. D. Matsukov
and J. L. Boccio ........................................................................................... 2241
Simulation of the Transient, Compressible, Gas-Dynamic Behavior of Catalytic-
Combustion Ignition in Stagnation Flows. L. L. Raja, R. J. Kee
and L. K Petzold .......................................................................................... 2249
Catalytic Ignition of Hydrogen-Oxygen on Platinum. H. Enomoto, H. Kato,
M. Tsue and M. Kono ................................................................................... 2259
Detailed Modeling of the Oxidation of CO on Platinum: A Monte-Carlo Model.
R. Kissel-Osterneder, F. Behrendt and J. Warnatz ........................................... 2267
Homogeneous Ignition of Methane-Air Mixtures over Platinum: Comparison of
Measurements and Detailed Numerical Predictions. U. Dogviler, J. Mantzaras,
P. Benx, B. Kaeppeli, R. Bombach and A. Arnold ............................................. 2275
Two-Dimensional Modeling of Partial Oxidation of Methane on Rhodium in a
Short Contact Time Reactor. 0. Deutschmann and L. D. Schmidt .................... 2283
Catalytic Combustion of Methane over LaMn03 Perovskite Supported on 1a203
Stabilized Alumina. A Comparative Study with Mn304, Mn304-Al203 Spinel
Oxides. S. Arnone, G. Busca, L. Lm, F. Milella, G. Russo and M. Turco ............ 2293
PROPELLANTS
RDX Ignition Flame Structure. T. Parr and D, Hanson-Parr ............................... 2301
On the Oscillatory Laser-Augmented Combustion of HMX. P. S. Loner
and M. Q. Brewster ...................................................................................... 2309
Failure and Reignition of One-Dimensional Detonations-The High Activation
Energy Limit. L. Bauwens, D. N. Williams and M, Nikolic .............................. 2319
Shock Physics for Nonideal Detonations of Metallized Energetic Explosives.
L. Orthand H. Kner .................................................................................... 2327
Transient Combustion Response of Homogeneous Solid Propellant to Acoustic
Oscillations in a Rocket Motor. T.-S. Roh, S. Apte and V. Yang ......................... 2335
Linear Pressure Coupled Frequency Response of Heterogeneous Solid
Propellants. J. J Murphy and H. Kner ........................................................... 2343
Thermal Decomposition of Gaseous Ammonium Dinitramide at Low Pressure:
Kinetic Modeling of Product Formation with ab initio MO/cVRRKM
Calculations. J. Park, D. Chakraborty and M. C. Lin ....................................... 2351
Kinetic Modeling of the Ignition Delays in Monomethylhydrazine/Oxygen/Argon
Mixtures. L. Catoire, T. Ludlvig X. Bassin, G. Dupre and C. Paillard ............... 2359
On Thermal Explosion of a Cool Spray in a Hot Gas. J. Colcifarb, V. Goldshhtein,
G. KuxmenkoandJ. B. Greenberg ................................................................. 2367
On Pulsating and Cellular Forms of Hydrodynamic Instability in Liquid-
Propellant Combustion. S. B. Margolis ........................................................... 2375
Numerical Modeling of Composite Propellant Combustion. F. Miccio .................. 2387
Computational and Experimental Study of Ammonium Perchlorate Combustion
in a Counterflow Geometry. M. A. Tanoff, JV. Ilincic, M. D. Smooke,
R, A. Yetter, T. P. Parr and D. M. Hanson-Parr ................................................ 2397
METALS COMBUSTION
Structure of Flames Propagating through Metal Particle Clouds and Behavior of
Particles. J. -H. Sun, R. Dobashi and T. Hirano ................................................ 2405
Ignition and Combustion of Levitated Magnesium Particles in Carbon Dioxide.
B. Legrand, E. Shafirovich, M. Marion, C. Chauveau and I. Cokalp ................. 2413
PLIF Species and Ratiometric Temperature Measurements of Aluminum Particle
Combustion in 02, COg and N2O Oxidizers, and Comparison with Model
Calculations. P. Bucher, R. A. Yetter, F. L. Dryer, T. P. Parr
andD. M. Hanson'Parr ................................................................................ 2421
MATERIAL SYNTHESIS
Numerical Study of Low- and High-Temperature Silane Combustion.
V .I. Babushok, W. Tsang D. R. Burgess Jr. andM. R. Zachanah ...................... 2431
The Effect of Radiation on the Combustion Wave Propagation in a
Heterogeneous System. I. Filimonov .............................................................. 2441
Interaction of Superadiabatic Combustion and Heat Conversion Waves in a
Porous Medium with Incorporated Metal Hydride Elements. G. A. Fateev and
0. S. Rabinovich .......................................................................................... 2451
A Numerical Study of Unsteady Self-Propagating Reactions in Multilayer Foils.
S.Jayaraman.A, B. Mann, T. P. Weihs and O. M. Knio ................................... 2459
On the Transition Boundary from Steady to Pulsating Combustion in SHS
Flames. A. Makino and C. K. Law ................................................................. 2469
Spatial Distributions of H, CN, and C2 in a Diamond-Growing Oxyacetylene
Flame. R. J. H. Klein'Doulvel and J. J. ter Meulen ........................................... 2477
INVITED PLENARY LECTURE
Understanding Combustion Processes through Microgravity Research.
F. D. Ronney ................................................................................................ 2485
MICROGRAVITY COMBUSTION
Experimental Study on Flame Spread over Wire Insulation in Microgravity.
M. Kikuchi, 0. Fujita, K. lto, A Sato and T. Sakuraya ..................................... 2507
Inherently Unsteady Flame Spread to Extinction over Thick Fuels in
Microgravity. R. A. Altenkirch, L. Tang, K. Sacksteder, S. Bhattacharjee
and M. A. Delichatsios .................................................................................. 2515
Finger-Like Smoldering over Thin Cellulosic Sheets in Microgravity. S. L. Olson,
H. R. Baum and T Kashniwagi ........................................................................ 2525
Extinction of Spherical Diffusion Flames in the Presence of Radiant Loss.
K. Mills and M. Matalon ............................................................................... 2535
Numerical Simulation of Diluent Effects on Flame Balls. M.-S. Wu, J.-B. Liu and
P. D. Ronney ................................................................................................ 2543
Further Examinations on Extinction and Bifurcations of Radiative CH4/Air and
C3Hg/Air Premixed Flames. Y. Ju, G. Masuya, F. Liu, H. Guo, K Maruta
and T. Niioka ............................................................................................... 2551
On Micro-Buoyancy Spherical Diffusion Flames and a Double Luminous Zone
Structure of the Hydrogen/Methane Flame. C. J. Sung, D. L. Zhu
and C. K. Law .............................................................................................. 2559
The Optics of Small Diffusion Flames in Microgravity. F. Carleton,
D. Dunn-Rankin and F. Weinberg .................................................................. 2567
Determination of Magnetic Field Effects on a Jet Diffusion Flame in a
Microgravity Environment. 0. Fujita, K. lto, T. Chida, S. Nagai
and Y. Takeshita ........................................................................................... 2573
Diffusion Flame Structure of a Laminar Vortex Ring Under Microgravity
Conditions. S.-J. Chen and W J. A. Dahm ...................................................... 2579
Effect of Gravity on Onset of Microexplosion for an Oil-in-Water Emulsion
Droplet. M. Tsue, H. Yamasaki, T. Kadota, D. Segawa and M. Kono ................. 2587
Autoignition and Combustion of a 'Fuel Droplet in Supercritical Gaseous
Environments under Microgravity. T. Kadota, K. Satoh, D. Segawa, J. Sato
and Y Marutani........................................................................................... 2595
Flame-Ball Drift in the Presence of a Total Diffusive Heat Flux. J. Buckmaster
and P. Ronney .............................................................................................. 2603
Lewis Number Effect on Extinction Characteristics of Radiative Counterflow
CH4-O2-N2-He Flames. K Manila, Y. Ju. A. Hondo and T. Niioka ................... 2611
Effects of Radiative Emission and Absorption on the Propagation and Extinction
of Premixed Gas Flames. Y. ]u, G. Masuya and P. D. Ronney ........................... 2619
Radiative Effects in Space-Based MethanolAVater Droplet Combustion
Experiments. A. J. Marchese, R L. Dryer and R. 0. Colantonio ....................... 2627
Dimensional Effects on the Transition from Ignition to Flame Spread in
Microgravity. W.E. Mell and T. Kashiwagi ...................................................... 2635
Interactive Effects in Two-Droplet Combustion of Miscible Binary Fuels at High
Pressure. M. Mikami, M. Kono, J. Sato and D. L. Dietrich ............................... 2643
Strongly Interacting Combustion of Two Miscible Binary-Fuel Droplets at High
Pressure in Microgravity. K. Okai, M. Tsue, M. Kono, M. Mikami,
J. Sato, D. L. Dietrich and E A. Williams ....................................................... 2651
Linear Acoustic Characteristics of Supercritical Droplet Vaporization.
A. Urnemura and Y. Shimada ......................................................................... 2659
An Experimental Study on Flame Propagation in Lean Fuel Droplet-Vapor-Air
Mixtures by Using Microgravity Conditions. H. Nomara, K. lzawa, Y. Ujiie,
J. Sato, Y. Mariltani, M. Kono and H, Kawasaki .............................................. 2667
Pulsating Flame Propagation of PMMA Particle Cloud in Microgravity. II. Hanoi,
K. Maruta, H. Kobayashi and T. Niioka .......................................................... 2675
A Study of Forward Smolder Ignition of Polyurethane Foam. R. A. Anthenien and
A. C. Femandez-Pello ................................................................................... 2683
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
The Behavior of Pool Fires: State of the Art and New Insights. P. Jotdain ............ 2691
POOL FIRES
in situ Sampling and Transmission Electron Microscope Analysis of Soot in the
Flame Zone of Large Pool Fires. J. M. Williams and L. A. Critxo .................... 2707
Smoke Visualization of the Gas-Phase Flow during Flame Spread across a Liquid
Pool. EJ. Miller and H. D. Ross .................................................................... 2715
Flame Spread across Liquid Pools with Very Low-Speed Opposed or Concurrent
Airflow. H. D. Ross and E J. Miller ................................................................ 2723
A Modeling Study of the Mechanisms of Flame Inhibition by CF3Br Fire
Suppression Agent. C. R. Casias and J. T. McKinnon ....................................... 2731
Inhibition of Non-Premixed Hydrogen Flames by CF3Br. L. Tmett, II. Thermann,
D. Trees, K. Seshadri, J. Yuan, L. Wells and P. Ma rshall ................................... 2741
Variation of Chemically Active and Inert Flame-Suppression Effectiveness witli
Stoichiometric Mixture Fraction. M. A. MacDonald, T. M. Jayotueera,
E. M. Fisher and E C. Gouldin ...................................................................... 2749
A Unified Analysis for Fire Plumes.J. G. Quintiere and B. S. Grove .................... 2757
Experimental Estimation of Thermal Expansion and Vorticity Distribution in a
Buoyant Diffusion Flame. X. C. Zhou and J. P. Gore ....................................... 2767
The Role of Liquid Fuel Vaporization and Oxygen Diffusion in Lagging Fires.
J. Brindley, J. F. Griffiths. A. C. Mcintosh and J. Zhang ................................... 2775
Piloted Ignition of a Slick of Oil on a Water Sublayer: The Effect of Weathering.
N. Wu, C. Kolb and J. L. Torero .................................................................... 2783
The Structure and Spread Limits of a Diffusion Flame over Thin Solid Fuel.
S. Rybanin................................................................................................... 2791
Prediction of Horizontal Flame Spread Using a Theoretical and Experimental
Approach. Y. Chen, V. Motevalli, M. A. Delichatsios and P. A. Tatem ................. 2797
Surface Modification of Polypropylene Films by Exposure to Laminar, Premixed
Methane-Air Flames. M. C. Branch, N. Sullivan, M. Ulsh and M. Strobel ......... 2807
Fingering Instability in Solid Fuel Combustion: The Characteristic Scales of the
Developed State. 0. Zik and E. Moses ........................................................... 2815
A Computational Study of Flame Radiation in PMMA Diffusion Flames
Including Fuel Vapor Participation. H. Bedir and J. S. T'ien ............................. 2821
On the Quenching of Premixed Flames by Water : Influences of Radiation
and Polydispersity. R. Blouquin and G. Joulin ................................................. 2829
Physical, Thermal, and Chemical Effects of Fine-Water Droplets in Extinguishing
Counterflow Diffusion Flames. A. M. Lentati and H. K. Chelliah ..................... 2839
Optimizing Water-Mist Injection Cliaracteristics for Suppression of Coflow
Diffusion Flames. K. Prasad, C. Li and K. Kailasanath .................................... 2847
Flame Extinction by Sodium Bicarbonate Powder in a Cup Burner. A. Hamins .... 2857
A New Method for Studying the Degradation of Polymers at High Temperatures.
B. Zhao, I. Kantorovich and E. Bar-Ziv .......................................................... 2865
Convection, Pyrolysis, and Darnkohler Number Effects on Extinction of Reverse
Smoldering Combustion. S. V Leach, J. L. Ellzey and 0. A. Ezekoye ................ 2873
Modeling Sooting Jet Fires in a Large-Scale Offshore Compartment. J. X. Wen,
L. Y. Huang E. M. Amin and, P. Nolan ........................................................... 2881
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
Structure, Properties, and Reactivity of Solid Fuels. R. H. Hurt .......................... 2887
COAL AND CHAR COMBUSTION
Assigning Meaningful Stoichioinetric Ratios for Pulverized Coal Flames. S. Niksa
and S. Cho ................................................................................................... 2905
Evaluation of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Heat Requirements for Coals
at Combustion Level Heat Fluxes. R. Sampath, D. J. Maloney
and J. W Zondlo .......................................................................................... 2915
Characterization of Burning Cliar Particles under Pressurized Conditions by
Simultaneous in situ Measurement of Surface Temperature and Size.
T. Reichelt, T. Joutsenoja, H. Spliethoff, K, R. G. Hein and R. Hemberg ............ 2925
Changes in Reactive Surface Area and Porosity during Char Oxidation. I. Aama
and E. M. Suuberg ..................................................................................... 2933
Non-dissociative'and Dissociative Adsorption of Oxygen on Carbon: A Theoretical
Comparsion with Prediction of Reaction Order. H. E. Klimesh and R. H.
Essenhigh .................................................................................................... 2941
Combustion Rate of Graphite in a High Stagnation Flowfield and Its Expression
as a Function of the Transfer Number. A. Makino, T. Namikiri and N. Araki ..... 2949
Scaling Properties of Swirling Pulverized Coal Flames: From 180 kW to 50 MW
Thermal Input. R. Weber and E Breussin ....................................................... 2957
Surfactant Adsorptivity of Solid Products from Pulverized-Coal Combustion under
Controlled Conditions. L. Hachmann, A. Burnett, Y.-M. Cao, R. H. Hurt and E.
M. Suuberg.................................................................................................. 2965
Study on Characteristics of Self-Desulfurization and Self-Denitrification in
Biobriquette Combustion. I. Narnse, H. Kim, G. Lu, J. Yuan and K. Ohtake ..... 2973
Using the Crossing Point Method to Assess the Self-Heating Behavior of
Indonesian Coals. Y. S. Nugroho. A, C. Mcintosh and B. M. Gibbs ................... 2981
The Influence of Heat Treatment and Weathering on the Gasification Reactivity
of Montana Lignite. 0. Senneca, P. Salatino and S. Masi ................................. 2991
Enhanced NOx Reduction by Interaction of Nitrogen and Sodium Compounds in
the Reburning Zone. V M. Zamansky, M. S. Sheldon and P. M. Maly ............... 3001
The Effects of Temperature, Mixing and Volatile Release on NO Reduction
Mechanisms by Coal Reburning. Y. B. Yang, E. Hampartsoumian
and B. M. Gibbs ........................................................................................... 3009
Effect of Particle Size and Pressure on the Conversion of Fuel N to NO in the
Boundary Layer during Devolatilization Stage of Combustion. C. A. G. Veras, J,
Saastamoinen and J. A. de Carvalho Jr. .......................................................... 3019
A Model of the Coal Reburning Process. M. 0stherg, P. Clarborg, A. jensen,
J. E. Johnsson, L. S. Pedersen and K. Dam-Johansen ....................................... 3027
A Kinetic Model for the Prediction of NO Emissions from Staged Combustion of
Pulverized Coal. D. Fortsch, E Kluger, U. Schnell, H. Spliethoff
and K. R. G. Hein ....................................................................................... 3037
Semi-Industrial Scale Investigations into NOx Emissions Control Using Coal-over-
Coal Reburn Techniques. D. J. Morgan, P. J. Dacombe
and W. L. van de Kamp ................................................................................ 3045
C-NO Reaction in the Presence of O2. P. Chambnon, T. Kyotani
and A. Tomita .............................................................................................. 3053
A Study of the Reaction Order of the NO-Carbon Gasification Reaction. I. Aarna
and E. M. Suuberg ....................................................................................... 3061
The Fate of Char-Nitrogen in Low-Temperature Oxidation. P. J. Ashman,
B. S. Haynes, A. N. Buckley and P. E Nelson .................................................. 3069
Reduction of N2O Emissions from a Coal-Fired Circulating Fluidized-Bed
Combustor by Secondary Fuel Injection. H. Liu and B. M. Gibbs .................... 3077
Kinetics of NO Reduction by Char: Effects of Coal Rank. E Cuo
and W.C. Hecker......................................................................................... 3085
FLUIDIZED BEDS
Relationship between SO2 and Other Pollutant Emissions from Fluidized-Bed
Combustion. E. J. Anthony and Y. Lu ............................................................ 3093
Fluidized-Bed Combustion of a Biomass Char: The Influence of Carbon Attrition
and Fines Postcombustion on Fixed Carbon Conversion. P. Salatino, E Scala
and R. Chirone ............................................................................................ 3103
The Combustion of Propane and Air as Catalyzed by Platinum in a Fluidised Bed
of Hot Sand. A. N. Hayhurst, J. J. John and R. J. Wazacz ................................. 3111
Strongly Swirling Gas-Particle Flows and Coal Combustion in a Cyclone
Coinbustor. L. X. Zhou, T Chen, Y. Xu, Z. H. Ma and Y. C. Cuo ...................... 3119
Dynamic Behavior of Flowing Particles in Combustion Environment. B. Zhao,
I. Kantorovich, E. Bar-Ziv and A. R Sarofirn .................................................. 3127
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
The Science and Technology of Combustion in Highly Preheated Air.
M. KatsukiandT, Hasegawa ......................................................................... 3135
POROUS MEDIA FIXED BED COMBUSTION AND FURNACES
Oscillatory Combustion of a Gas Mixture Blown through a Porous Medium or a
Narrow Tube. C. A. Fateev, 0. S. RabinovichandM. A. Silenkov ..................... 3147
Cyclic Modulation Characteristics of Pulse Combustors. S. Marsano, P. J. Bowen
and T. O'Doherty ......................................................................................... 3155
An Experimental Evaluation of Asymptotic Analysis of Radiant Burners. R. Mital,
J. P. Core, R. Viskanta and A. C. Mcintosh ..................................................... 3163
The Role of Fuel-Rich Clusters in Flame Stabilization and NO, Emission
Reduction with Processing Jet Pulverized Fuel Flames. N. L. Smith,
N. P. Megalos, G. J. Nathan, D.-K. Zhang and, J. P. Smart ................................ 3173
Measurements and Predictions in a Confined Bluff-Body Burner Modeled as an
Imperfectly Stirred Reactor. A. J. Gough, K. Mobini, Y.-C. Chen
and R. W. Bilker........................................................................................... 3181
NOx Abatement by Fuel-Lean Reburning: Laboratory Combustor and Pilot-Scale
Package Boiler Results. C. A. Miller, A. D. Touati, J. Becker
and J. 0. L. Wendt ....................................................................................... 3189
Laseroptical Invesof Highly Preheated Combustion with Strong Exhaust
Gas Recirculation. T Plessing N. Peters and J. G. Wunning ............................. 3197
Homogenization and Stabilization during Combustion of Hydrocarbons with
Preheated Air. T. Ishiguro, S. Tsuge, T. Furuhata, K Kitagawa, N. Arai,
T. Hasegalva, R. Tanaka and A. K. Gupta ....................................................... 3205
The Enhancement of Heat Transfer in the Tail Pipe of a Pulse Combustor.
E. Lundgren, U. Marksten and S. -I, Moller ..................................................... 3215
Burner Diameter and Flammability Limit Measured by Tubular Flame Burner.
Y. Ogawa, N. Saito and C. Liao ..................................................................... 3221
Index of Authors and Discussors ....................................................................... 3229
Subject Index.................................................................................................. 3239
____________________________________
COMBUSTION INSTITUTE (INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM)
VOL. 2, 1999
CONTENTS
Preface........................................................................................................... xxv
The Combustion Institute ................................................................................ xxvii
Technical Program Committee ......................................................................... xxxi
Session Chairs................................................................................................. xxxix
Introduction.................................................................................................... xli
VOLUME ONE
HOTTEL PLENARY LECTURE
Lasers in Combustion: From Basic Theoiy to Practical Devices. J. Wolfrum ......... 1
GENERAL DIAGNOSTICS
Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Flame Heat Release
Rate. P. H. Paul and H. N. Najm .................................................................... 43
Real-Time Calibration of Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Air-Fuel Katio
Measurements in Combustion Environments Using in situ Raman
Scattering. M. Richter, B. Axelsson, K. Nyhohn andM. Alden ........................... 51
Calibration and Comparison of Laser-Induced Incandescence with Cavity Ring-
Down.R. L. VanderWal............................................................................... 59
Temperature and Mixture Fraction Measurements in Gases by Laser-Induced
Electrostrictive Gratings. B. Hemmerling, W. Hahschmid
and A. Stampanoni-Panariello ....................................................................... 69
Crossed-Plane Laser Tomography: Direct Measurement of the Flamelet Surface
Normal. D. C. Bin^ham, R C. Couldin andD. A. Knaus ................................. 77
Quasi-Instantaneous Two-Dimensional Temperature Measurements in a Spark
Ignition Engine Using 2-Line Atomic Fluorescence. C. F. Kammski,
J. Engstrom and M. Alden ............................................................................. 85
Advanced Diode Laser Absorption Sensor for in situ Combustion Measurements
of 002, H^O, and Gas Temperature. R. M. Mihalcea, D. S. Baer
andR. K. Hanson ......................................................................................... 95
Real-Time Adaptive Combustion Control Using Diode-Laser Absorption Sensors.
E. R. Furlong D. S. Baer and R. K. Hanson ................................................... 103
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
Some Unusual Aspects of Unimolecular Falloff of Importance in Combustion
Modeling.J. H. Kiefer ................................................................................... 113
ELEMENTARY REACTION KINETICS
The Branching Ratio in the Thermal Decomposition of H2CO. S. S. Kumaran,
J.J. CarrollandJ. V Michael ................................................................. 125
Single-Pulse Shock-Tube Study on tlie Decomposition of I-Pentyl Radicals.
W. Tsang, J. A. Walker and J. A. Manion ........................................................ 135
Pyrolysis of Cyclopentadiene: Rates for Initial C-H Bond Fission and the
Decomposition ofc-C5H5. R D. Kern, Q. Zhang ,J. Yao, B. S. Jursic,
R, S. Tranter, M. A. Greybill and J. H. Kiefer .................................................. 143
A Theoretical Analysis of the Reaction of H with C2H5. L. B. Hording
and S.J. Klippenstein ................................................................................... 151
H + CH2CO -> CH3 + CO at High Temperature: A High Pressure Chemical
Activation Reaction with Positive Barrier. J. Hranisavljevic, S. S. Kumaran and
J. V Michael ................................................................................................ 159
Modeling the Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Reaction HO 4- CO
HOCO= H + 002. J. Troe .................................................................... 167
Measurement of the Rate Consent for H + 02 + M -> HO2 + M (M = N2,
Ar) Using Kinetic Modeling of the High-Pressure H2/O2/NOx Reaction.
M. A. Mueller, R. A. Yetter and F. L. Dryer ..................................................... 177
Rate Coefficient of H + 02 + M -> HO2 4- M (M == H2O, N2 Ar, CO2).
P.J.AshnulnandB. S.Haynes ...................................................................... 185
High-Temperature Reactions of C2 with Atomic and Molecular Oxygen. T. Kruse
and P. Roth .................................................................................................. 193
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis Using ab initio Calculations on Dimethyl-
Ether Radical + 02 Reaction System. T. Yamada, J. W Bozzelli and T. Lay ...... 201
Kinetic Investigations of the Reactions of Toluene and ofp-Xylene with Molecular
Oxygen between 1050 and 1400 K. R. A. Eng, C. Fittschen, A. Cebert,
P. Hibomvschi, H. HipplerandA.-N. Unterreiner ............................................ 211
The Recombination of Hydrogen Atoms with Nitric Oxide at High Temperatures.
P. Glarborg, M. 0stberg, M. Ahueta, K, Dam-Johansen and J. A. Miller ............ 219
Wide-Temperature-Range Kinetics of the BO Reactions with 02, HCl, and 002.
Comparison to AlO Reactions. D. P. Belyung G. T. Dalakos, J.-D. R. Rocha and
A. Fontijn .................................................................................................... 227
Some Chemical Kinetics Issues in Reburning: The Branching Fraction of the
HCCO + NO Reaction. J A. Miller. L. DurantandP. Clarborg ................... 235
Sublimation and Dissociation of Cyanuric Acid Particles and Dissociation of
Isocyanic Acid Vapor. G. N. Schading and P. Roth ............................................ 245
Three-Dimensional Quantum Mechanical Study of the NH(X3<-)+ NO
Reaction. H. S^ichman, M. Baer, H. -R. Volpp and J. Wolfram .......................... 253
Dissociation of SiCi4 Based on Cl- and Si-Concentration Measurements. A. Kunx
and P. Roth .................................................................................................. 261
INVITED PLENARY LECTURE
Modeling of the Chemical Complexities of Flames. P. Lindstedt .......................... 269
KINETIC MECHANISMS, MODELS, AND EXPERIMENTS
An Experimental and Two-Dimensional Modeling Investigation of Combustion
Chemistry in a Laminar Non-Plug-Flow Reactor. J. F. Roesler .......................... 287
An Augmented Reduced Mechanism for Methane Oxidation with Comprehensive
Global Parametric Validation. C. J. Sung, C. K. Law andJ.-Y Chen .................. 295
An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of Propyne Oxidation. S. G. Davis,
C.K.LaioandH.Wang ............................................................................... 305
Thermal Decomposition of Indene. Experimental Results and Kinetic Modeling.
A. LaskinandA. Lifshitz .............................................................................. 313
Kinetic Study oF Methyl tert -Butyl l^lier (MTBE) Oxidation m Flames.
A. van der Loos, J. Vanduoren and R J, van Tiggelen ............. 477
Formation of NOx, CH4, and C2 Species in Laminar Methanoi Flames. S. C. Li
andE A. William................................. 485
A Re-Evalof the Means Used to Calculate Transport Properties of Reacting
Flows. F. Paul and J. Warnatz ......................... 495
Automatically Simplified Chemical Kinetics and Molecular Transport and Its
Applications in Premixed and Non-Premixed Laminar Flame Calculations.
T. Blasenbrey, D. Schmidt and U. Maas ......................... 505
Direct Expcrimcutal Dctcnmnation of Laminar Flame Speeds.
C.. M. Vagelopoulos and F.N. Egolfopoulos 513
Laminar Flame Speeds and Oxidation Kinetics of iso-Octane-Air and n-Heptane-
Air Flames. S.G.Daois and C.K.law 521
Laminar flame speeds and Oxidation Kinetics of Terachloromethane
j.c. leylegian, c.k.law and h. wang ........................................................ 529
two-Dimensional Failure Waves and Ignition Fronts in Premixed Combustion.
T.G.Vedarajan, j.. Buckmaster and P. Ronney ................................................ 537
Asymptotic flame shapes and Speeds of Hydrodynamically Unstable Laminar
Flames. L.-Z. Ma and J. Chomiak .................................................................. 545
Pulsating lustal)ility in Near-Limit Propagation of Rich Hydrogen/Air Flames.
E. W. Christiansen , C. J. Sung and C. K. Law ................................................. 555
LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES
Effects of Finite Time Response and Soot Deposition on Thin Filament
Pyrometry Measurements in Time-Varying Diffusion Flames. W. M. Pitts,
K. C. Smyth and D.A.Everest ...................................................................... 563
Two-Diluensioual Direct Numerical Simulation of Opposed-Jet Hydrogen-Air
Diffusion Flame. C. E. Fron^akis, J. Lee, A. C. Tomboulides
and K. Boulouchos ........................................................................................ 571
Local Equilibrium Temperature as a Measure of Stretch and Preferential
Diffusion Effects in Counterflow H2/Air Premixed Flames. S. D. Lee,
D. H. Chung and S. H. Chung ....................................................................... 579
Interaction of a Vortex with a Flat Flame Formed between Opposing Jets of
Hydrogen and Air. V R. Katta, C. D. Carter, C. J. Fiechtner, W. M. Roquemore,
J. R. CordandJ. C. Rolon ............................................................................ 587
A Simplified Approach to tlie Numerical Description of Methane-Air Diffusion
Flames. M. Bollig, A. Linan, A. L. Sanchex and F. A. Williams ......................... 595
Chemical Kinetic Modeling of a Methane Opposed-Flow Diffusion Flame and
Comparison to Experiments. N. M. Marinov, W. J. Pitz, C. K. Westbrook,
A. E. Lutx, A. M. Vincitore and S. M. Senkan ................................................. 605
Experimental and Computational Study of CH, CH*, and OH* in an
Axisymmetric Laminar Diffusion Flame. K. T. Walsh, M. B. Long, M. A. Tanoff
andM. D. Smooke ........................................................................................ 615
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Structure of Steady Two-
Dimensional Partially Premixed Methane-Air Flames. Z. Shu, B. J. Krass,
C. W. Choi, S. K. Agganval, V R. Katta and L K. Pun .................................... 625
Measurements of Formaldehyde Concentrations and Formation Rates in a
Methane-Air, Non-Premixed Flame and Their Implications for Heat-Release
Rate. M. P. Tolocka and J. H. Miller ............................................................... 633
Non-Premixed Hydrocarbon Ignition at High Strain Rates. F. JV. Egolfopoulos and
P, E. Dimotakis ............................................................................................ 641
Structure and Extinction of Non-Premixed n -Heptane Flames. R. Seiser,
L. Truett, D. Trees and K Seshadri ................................................................ 649
Wrinkling, Pocket Formation, and Double Premixed Flame Interaction Processes.
P. -H. Renard, J. C. Rolon, D. Thevenin and S. Candel ..................................... 659
Triple Flames in Mixing Layers with Nonunity Lewis Numbers. J. Daou
and A. Linan ................................................................................................ 667
Attachment Mechanisms of Diffusion Flames. F. Takahashi, W. J. Schmoll
andV.R.Katta ............................................................................................ 675
Transient Local Extinction and Reignition Behavior of Diffusion Flames Affected
by Flame Curvature and Preferential Diffusion. K. Yoshida and T. Takagi ......... 685
Computational and Experimental Study of a Forced, Time-Varying, Axisymmetric,
Laminar Diffusion Flame. R. K. Mohammed, M. A. Tanoff, M. D. Smooke,
A. M. SchafferandM. B. Long ...................................................................... 693
Oscillatory Stretch Effects on the Structure and Extinction of Counterflow
Diffusion Flames. T. M. Brown, R. W Pitx and C. ;. Srmg ............................... 703
A Computational Study of Local Quenching in Flame-Vortex Interactions with
Radiative Losses. G. Patnaik and K. Kailasanath ............................................. 711
Extinction Processes during a Non-Premixed Flame-Vortex Interaction.
D. Thevenin, P. H. Renard, J. C. Rolon and S. Candel ..................................... 719
Measurements of Flame Speeds in Combustible Vortex Rings: Validity of the
Back-Pressure Drive Flame Propagation Mechanism. S. ls1imika, T. Hamasaki,
K KoumuraandR. Hasegawa ....................................................................... 727
Vorticity Generation and Flame Distortion Induced by Shock Flame Interaction.
Y.Ju,A. ShimanoandO. Inoue ..................................................................... 735
Effect of the Discrete Nature of Heat Sources on Flame Propagation in
Particulate Suspensions. S. Goroshin,J. H. S. Lee andYu. Shoshin ................... 743
PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION
Laser Imaging of Conditional Velocities in Premixed Propane-Air Flames by
Simultaneous OH PLIF and PIV. P. A. M. Kalt, J, H. Frank and R. W. Bilker .... 751
Simultaneous Rayleigh, Raman, and LIF Measurements in Turbulent Premixed
Methane-Air Flames. JF. H. Frank and R. S. Barlow ......................................... 759
Investigation of Scalar Mixing in the Thin Reaction Zones Regime Using a
Simultaneous CH-LIF/Rayleigh Laser Technique. M. S. Mansour, N. Peters and
Y.-C. Chen ................................................................................................... 767
A Comparison between Dynamic and Scalar Timescales in Lean Premixed
Turbulent Flames. L. Cagnepain, C. Chauveau and 1. Gokalp .......................... 775
Measurement of the Resolved Flame Structure of Turbulent Premixed Flames
with Constant Reynolds Number and Varied Stoichiometry. A. Soika,
F. DinkelackerandA. Leipertz ...................................................................... 785
Turbulence, Scalar Transport, and Reaction Rates in Flame-Wall Interaction.
T. M. Alshaalan andC.J, Rutland .................................................................. 793
Vorticity and Scalar Transport in Premixed Turbulent Combustion. D. S. Louch
andK. N. C. Bray ........................................................................................ 801
Irivesligation of Flame Broadening in Turbulent Premixed Flames in the Thin-
Reaction-Zones Regime. Y.-C. Chen and M. S. Mansour .................................. 811
Correlation of Flame Speed with Stretch in Turbulent Premixed Methane/Air
Flames.J. H.. Clumandll. C. Im .................................................................. 819
Local Flame Propagation Speeds Along Wrinkled, Unsteady, Stretched Premixed
lvalues, f. 0. Smifxlldi, C. J. Mueller and J. R Driscoll .................................... 827
Slalislics oF Flame Displacement Speeds from Computations of2-D Unsteady
Methane-Air Flames. N. Peters, P. Terhoeven,J. H. Chen and T. Echekki .......... 833
Effects of Stretch on the Local Structure of Freely Propagating Premixed Low-
Turbulent Flames with Various Lewis Numbers. B. Renou, A. Boukhalfa,
D. PuechbertyandM. Trinite ........................................................................ 841
The Modeling ofAerodynamic Strain Rate and Flame Curvature Effects in
Premixed Turbulent Combustion. D. Bradley, P. H. Caskell and X. J. Cu .......... 849
Structure of Locally Quenched Highly Turbulent Lean Premixed Flames.
F. Dinkelacker, A. Soika, D. Most, D. Hofmann, A. Leipertz W. Polifke
and K.Dobbeling......................................................................................... 857
Characteristics of the Velocity Field near the Instantaneous Base of Lifted Non-
Premixed Turbulent Jet Flames. E. F. HasselbnnkJr. and M. C. Manual ........... 867
Effect of Oscillatory Stretch on the Flame Speed of Wall-Stagnating Premixed
Flame. T. Hirasawa, T. Ueda, A Matsuo and M. Mizomoto .............................. 875
Strong Acoustic Forcing on Conical Premixed Flames. D. Durox, S. Ducruix and
F. Baillot...................................................................................................... 883
Turbulent Flame Propagation in Partially Premixed Combustion. J. Helie and
A. Trouve..................................................................................................... 891
Application of a Flame-Wrinkling LES Combustion Model to a Turbulent Mixing
Layer. H. G. Wetter, C. Tabor, A. D. Gasman and C. Fureby ............................ 899
The Burning Rate in Turbulent Bunsen Flames. I. G. Shepherd, E. Bourguignon,
Y. Michou and 1. Gokalp ............................................................................... 909
Direct Numerical Simulation Analysis of Flame Surface Density Concept for
Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Premixed Combustion. M. Boger,
D. Veynante, H. Bou^hanern and A. Trouve .................................................... 917
Pocket Formation and the Flame Surface Density Equation. W Kolhnann
and J. H. Chen ............................................................................................. 927
A New Experimental Technique for the Study of Turbulent Premixed Flames.
S. A. Jones, G. 0. Thomas and S. S. lbrahim .................................................. 935
Experimental Study on General Correlation of Turbulent Burning Velocity at
High Pressure. H. Kobayashi, Y. Kaivabata and K. Maruta .............................. 941
Velocity and Scalar Statistics for Premixed Turbulent Stagnation Flames Using
PIV. £. J. Stevens, K. N. C. Bray and B. Lecordier .......................................... 949
Second Moment Modeling of Premixed Turbulent Flames Stabilized in Impinging
Jet Geometries. R. P. Lindstedt and E. M. Vaos .............................................. 957
On the Consumption of Fuel Pockets via Inwardly Propagating Flames. G. J. Sun
and C. K. Law ............................................................................................. 963
The Domain of Influence of Flame Instabilities in Turbulent Premixed
Combustion. H. Boughanern and A. Trouve .................................................... 971
Mass Flux Measurements for Burning Rate Determination of Premixed Turbulent
Flames. G. Ghenai, F. C. Gouldin and L Gokalp ............................................. 979
Non-Gaussian Statistics of a Passive Scalar in Turbulent Flows.
J. Mi, R. A. Antonia, G. J. Nathan and R.E. Luxton ........................................ 989
NON-PREMIXED TURBULENT COMBUSTION
One-Dimensional Raman Scattering for Determination of Multipoint Joint Scalar
Probability Density Functions in Turbulent Diffusion Flames. N. Ebersohl,
Th. Klos, R. SuntzandH. Bockhorn ............................................................... 997
Three-Scalar Imaging in Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames of Methane.
J. Fielding, A. M. Schaffer and M. B. Long ..................................................... 1007
Time-Series Analysis and Measurements of Intermediate-Species Concentration
Spectra in Turbulent Non-Premixed Flames. M. W. Renfro, Y. R. Sivathanu,
J. P. Gore, C. B. King and N. M. Laurendeau ................................................. 1015
Laser-Diagnostic and Numerical Study of Strongly Swirling Natural Gas Flames.
T. Landenfeld, A. Kremer, E, P. Hassel, J. Janicka, T. Schafer, j. Kazemoadel,
C. ShuhandJ. Wolfram ............................................................................... 1023
The Instantaneous Spatial Structure of the Recirculation Zone in Bluff-Body
Stabilized Flames. A. R. Masri, J. B. Kelman and B. B. Dally ........................... 1031
Statistical Investigation of the Turbulent Flame Geometrical Structures in a
Liquid Oxygen/Gaseous Hydrogen Shear-Goaxial Jet. A. Cessou, P. Colin
ndD. Stepowski ....................................................................................... 1039
Ignition of Hydrogen-Air Mixing Layer in Turbulent Flows.
H, G. 1m, J. H. ChenandC. K. Law .............................................................. 1047
Unsteady Flamelet Modeling of Turbulent Hydrogen-Air Diffusion Flames.
H. Pitsch, M. ChenandN. Peters ................................................................... 1057
On the Validity of the Assumed Probability Density Function Method for
Modeling Binary Mixing/Reaction of Evaporated Vapor in Gas/Liquid-Droplet
Turbulent Shear Flow. R. S. Miller and J. Bellan ............................................. 1065
PDF Simulation of Turbulent Non-Premixed CH4/H2-Air Flames Using
Automatically Reduced Chemical Kinetics. K. Xiao, D. Schmult and U. Maas .... 1073
PDF Calculations of Major and Minor Species in a Turbulent Piloted Jet Flame.
V. SaxenaandS. B. Pope ............................................................................... 1081
Effects of Turbulence on Species Mass Fractions in Methane/Air Jet Flames.
R. S. Barlow and j. H. Frank ......................................................................... 1087
Second-Order Conditional Moment Closure for Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames.
A. KronenburG R. W. Bilger and J. H. Kent .................................................... 1097
Coupling of Diffusion Flame Structure to an Unsteady Vortical Flow-Field.
C.J. MuellerandR. W. Schefer ..................................................................... 1105
The Relationship between Vorticity/Strain and Reaction Zone Structure in
Turbulent Non-Premixed Jet Flames./. E. RehmandN. T Clemens ................. 1113
Local Extinction in an Unsteady Methane-Air Jet Diffusion Flame. V R. Katta,
K Y. Hsu and W. M. Roquemore .................................................................... 1121
Numerical Visualizaton and Residence Time Determination of Turbulent
Reacting Duct Flow with Mass Bleed and a Backstep on One Wall. T.-M. Lion
andP.-W. Hivang.......................................................................................... 1131
Experimental and Numerical Study of a Highly Diluted Turbulent Diffusion
Flame Close to Blowout. M. M. Tacke, S. Linon), S. Geiss, E. R Hassel,
J. Janicka and J. Y. Chen ............................................................................... 1139
Effect ofLiftoffon NOx Emission of Turbulent Jet Flame in High-Temperature
Coflowing Air. T Fujimori, D. Riechelmann and J. Sato ................................... 1149
A Detailed Investigation of the Stabilization Point of Lifted Turbulent Diffusion
Flames. M. M. Tacke, D. Geyer. E. P. Hassel and /. Janicka .............................. 1157
Observations on the Stabilization Region of Lifted Non-Premixed Methane
Transverse Jet Flames. E. F. Hasselbrink Jr and M. C. Mungal ........................ 1167
The Effect of Coflow Velocity on a Lifted Methane-Air Jet Diffusion Flame.
C.J. MontgomenJ, C. R. KaplanandE. S. Oran ............................................. 1175
Correlation Analysis of Direct Numerical Simulation Data of Turbulent Non-
Premixed Flames. U. MansandD. Thevenin ................................................... 1183
Conditional Variance Equation and Its Analysis. N. Stuammathan
andR. W. Bilker ........................................................................................... 1191
The Mathematical Modeling of Liftoff and Blowoff of Turbulent Non-Premixed
Methane Jet Flames at Higli Strain Rates. D. Bradley, R H. Gaskell
andX.J. Gu................................................................................................. 1199
Evaluation of Strain-Rate Effects in Transitional, Round Jets Using Direct
Numerical Simulation. J. Mathew .................................................................. 1207
Flow-Combustion Interactions in the Near Field of High Darnkohler Number
Non-Premixed Exothermic Jets. M. C. Soteriou .............................................. 1213
Turbulent Ignition of Non-Premixed Hydrogen by Heated Counterflowing
Atmospheric Air.J. D. Blouch, C. J. Sung C. C. Fotache and C. K. Law ........... 1221
Effects of Fuel-Air Mixing on Flame Structures and NOn Emissions in Swirling
Methane Jet Flames. T. S. Cheng, Y.-C. Chao, D.-C. Wu, T. Juan,
C.-C. Lu, C.-K Cheng and J. -M. Chang ......................................................... 1229
Investigating the Effects of Edge Flames in Liftoff in Non-Premixed Turbulent
Combustion. V Favier and L. Vervisch ........................................................... 1239
A Comparison between Frequency- and Amplitude-Modulated Adaptive Control
of a Non-Preinixed Flame. B. A. Strayer, D. Dunn-Rankin and R Jabbari ......... 1247
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
The Role of Research in Practical Incineration Systems—A Look at the Past and
tlie Future. J.S. Lighty and J. M. Veranth ...................................................... 1255
INCINERATION AND FUEL SUBSTITUTION
PIC Formation during the Combustion of Simple Hydrocarbons in
Inhomogeneous Incineration Systems. C. Procaccini, M. Kraft, H. Fey,
H. Bockhorn,J. P. Longlvell, A. F. Sarofanand K. A. Smith .............................. 1275
Hazardous Air Pollutant and Ozone Precursor Emissions from a Low-NOx
Natural Gas-Fired Industrial Burner. T. N. Demayo, M. M. Miyasato
and G. S. Samuelsen ..................................................................................... 1283
Experimental Study on tlie Dependence of Burnout on the Operation Conditions
and Physical Properties in Wastewater Incineration. K Ehrhardt, A, Ehret and
W. Leuckel................................................................................................... 1293
Simultaneous Laser-Based in situ Detection of Oxygen and Water in a Waste
Incinerator for Active Combustion Control Purposes. V Ebert, J. Fitzer,
I. Gerstenherg, K.-U. Plehan, H. Pitx,J. Wolfrum, M. JochemandJ. Martin ...... 1301
Observations of Spray Density Effects on Multicomponent Chlorinated
Hydrocarbon Vaporization and Thermal Destruction. H. L. Clack,
C. P. Koshland, D. Lucas andR. F. Sawyer .................................................. 1309
Energetics to Energy: Combustion and Environmental Considerations
Surrounding the Reapplication of Energetic Materials as Boiler Fuels.
S. G. Buckley, A. L. Robinson and L. L. Baxter ............................................... 1317
Evolution of Compositional and Structural Properties of Soot in Premixed Alkane
Flames. R. H. Munoz and T. T. Charalampopoulos .......................................... 1471
Spectroscopic and Compositional Signatures ofPAH-Loaded Mixtures in the Soot
Inception Region of a Premixed Ethylene Flame. A. Ciajolo, R. Barbella,
A. Tregrossi and L. Bonfanti .......................................................................... 1481
The Kinetic Modeling of Soot Precursors in Ethylene Flames. T Faravelli,
A. Goldaniga and E. Ranzi ............................................................................ 1489
Computational and Experimental Study of Soot Formation in a Coflow, Laminar
Ethylene Diffusion Flame. C. S. McEnally, A. M. Schaffer, M. B. Long,
L. D. Pfefferle, M. D. Smooke, M. B. Colket and R. J. Hall ............................... 1497
Monte Carlo Simulation of Soot Aggregation with Simultaneous Surface
Growth—Why Primary Particles Appear Spherical. P. Mitchell
and M. Frenklach ......................................................................................... 1507
Measurement of the Mass Specific Extinction Coefficient for Acetylene and
Ethene Smoke Using the Large Agglomerate Optics Facility. G. W. Mulholland
andM. Y, Choi ............................................................................................. 1515
Structure and Sooting Limits in Counterflow Methane/Air and Propane/Air
Diffusion Flames from I to 5 Atmospheres. C. /. Sung B. Li, H. Wang
and C. K. Law ............................................................................................. 1523
Effects of Oxygen and Propane Addition on Soot Formation in Counterflow
Ethylene Flames and the Role of C3 Chemistry. J. Y. Htuang S. H. Chung and
W Lee ......................................................................................................... 1531
Flow Time Effects on Hydrocarbon Growth and Soot Formation in Coflowing
Methane/Air Non-Premixed Flames. C. S. McEnally and L. D. Pfefferle ........... 1539
Investigation of the Similarity of Soot Parameters in Ethylene Diffusion Flames
with Different Heights by Extinction/Scattering Technique. S. De lulUs,
F. Cignoli, S. Benecchi and C. Zizak .............................................................. 1549
Polyyne Model of Soot Formation Process. A. V Krestinin .................................. 1557
Experimental and Numerical Study on Soot Formation in Laminar High-Pressure
Flames. M. Braun-Unkhoff, A. Chrysostovwu, P. Frank, E. Cutheil,
R. LUckeratll and W. Stricker ........................................................................ 1565
Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Soot Formation in Ethylene/Air Mixtures Reacting
in a Perfectly Stirred Reactor. N. J. Brown, K. L. Revzan and M. Frenklach ...... 1573
Soot Formation during Isothermal Pyrolysis of Carbon Tetrachloride and
Methane-Carbon Tetrachloride Mixture. S. V. Shumpov and P. A. Tesner .......... 1581
Sooting Laminar Diffusion Flames: Effect of Dilution, Additives, Pressure, and
Microgravity. J. Glassman .............................................................................. 1589
Mechanism of the Action of Iron-Bearing Additives on Soot Formation behind
Shock Waves. D. Tanke, H. Gg. Wanner and L S. Zaslonko .............................. 1597
PAH Growth and Soot Formation in the Pyrolysis of Acetylene and Benzene at
High Temperatures and Pressures: Modeling and Experiment. H. Bohm,
H. Jander and D. Tanke ................................................................................ 1605
Two-Dimensional Imaging of Soot Volume Fractions, Particle Number Densities,
and Particle Radii in Laminar and Turbulent Diffusion Flames. H. Geitlinger,
Th. Streibel, R. Suntz and H. Bockhorn .......................................................... 1613
Detailed Soot Modeling in Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flames. X. S. Bai,
M. Balthasar, F. Mauss and L. Fuchs .............................................................. 1623
The Effects of Equivalence Ratio on the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Soot in Premixed Methane Flames.
A. M. Vincitore, T. R. Melton and S. M. Senkan .............................................. 1631
The Transformation of Chromium in a Laminar Premixed Hydrogen-Air Flame.
S. Yu, A. D. Jones, D, P. Y. Chang, R B. Kelly and L M. Kennedy ..................... 1639
Modeling of Toxic Metal Emissions from Solid Fuel Combustors. S. Yonsif,
E C. Locklvood and T. Abbas ........................................................................ 1647
Hydrogen Migration in Polyaromatic Growth. M. Frenklach, N. W. Monarty and
N.J.Brolvn ................................................................................................. 1655
C60, C6oO, C70 and C70O Fullerene Formations in Premixed Benzene-Oxygen
Flames. M. Hammida, A. Fonseca, R. Doome, E. De Hoffmann, P. A. Thiry and
J. B. Nagy .................................................................................................... 1663
Fullerenes and PAH in Low-Pressure Premixed Benzene/Oxygen Flames.
W. J. Gneco, A. L. Lafleur, K. C. Swallow, H. Richter, K. Taghizadeh
andJ. B. Howard ......................................................................................... 1669
Cyclopenta-FPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Brown Coal Pyrolysis.
M. /. Wornat, B. A. Vernaglia. A. L. Lafleur, E. R Plummer, K. Taghizadeh,
R E Nelson, C. -Z. Li, A. Necula and L. T. Scott .............................................. 1677
The Formation of Nitrogen Species and Oxygenated PAH during the Combustion
of Coal Volatiles. E. B. Ledesma, P. R Nelson and J. C. Mackie ......................... 1687
Mineral-Char Interactions during Coal Char Combustion of a High-Volatile Coal.
M. M. Lunden, N. Y. C. Yang, T J. Headley and C. R. Shaddix ......................... 1695
Sulfur Transformation in a South Australian Low-Rank Coal during Pyrolysis.
D.-K.ZhangandM. Telfer ............................................................................ 1703
Influence of Coal Type on Evolution Characteristics of Alkali Metal Compounds
in Coal Combustion. J. Naruse, T. Murakami, R. Noda and K. Ohtake .............. 1711
Ash Characteristics of High Alkali Sawdust and Sanderdust Biomass Fuels.
B. C. Chenevert, J. C. Kramlich and K. M. Nichols .......................................... 1719
in situ Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposits.
A. L. Robinson, S. G. Buckley and L. L. Baxter ............................................... 1727
Sources of Unburned Carbon in the Fly Ash Produced from Low-NOx
Pulverized Coal Combustion. J. M. Veranth, D. W. Pershing A. R Sarofirn
and J. E. Shield ............................................................................................ 1737
On the Migration of Metals Inside Ash Particles Formed during Biowaste
Combustion. J. A. Kozinski and C. Zheng ....................................................... 1745
Large Molecules, Radicals Ions, and Small Soot Particles in Fuel-Rich
Hydrocarbon Flames. Part H: Aromatic Radicals and Intermediate PAHs in a
Premixed Low-Pressure Naphthalene/Oxygen/Argon Flame. J. Criesheimer and
K.-H. Homann ............................................................................................. 1753
Formation of Furans by Gas-Phase Reactions of Chlorophenols. Y. Yang,
J. A. Mulhollandand U. Akki ......................................................................... 1761
Evidence for a Unified Pathway of Dioxin Formation from Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons. P. H. Taylor, S. S. Sidhu, W. A. Rubey, B. Dellinger,
A. Wehrtneier, D. Lenior, and K.-W. Shramm .................................................. 1769
LIF Measurements of Atomic Arsenic in Hydrogen and Methane Diffusion
Flames. Y. Zhang Y. Yoon, P. B. Kelly and 1. M. Kennedy ................................ 1777
Multicomponent Coagulation and Condensation of Toxic Metals in Combustors.
S, B. Davis, T. K. Gale,J . 0. L. WendtandW. R Linak ................................... 1785
INVITED PLENARY LECTURE
Power Generation and Aeropropulsion Gas Turbines: From Combustion Science
to Combustion Technology. S. M. Correa ....................................................... 1793
GAS TURBINES
The Role of Equivalence Ratio Oscillations in Driving Combustion Instabilities in
Low NOx Gas Turbines. T. Lieulven and B. T. Zinn ......................................... 1809
Control of Thermoacoustic Instabilities and Emissions in an Industrial-Type Gas-
Turbine Combustor. C. 0. Paschereit, E. Gutmark and W Weisenstein ............. 1817
Burner Emissions Associated with Lobed and Non-Lobed Fuel Injectors.
M. G. Mitchell, L. L. Smith, A. R, Karagozian and 0. I. Smith ......................... 1825
NOx Emissions from Non-Premixed, Direct Fuel Injection Methane Burners at
High-Temperature and Elevated Pressure Conditions. S. Hayashi, H. Yamada,
K Shimodaira and T. Machida ...................................................................... 1833
Simulation of Pollutant Formation in a Gas-Turbine Combustor Using Unsteady
Flamelets. H. Earths, N. Peters, N. Brehm, A. Mack, M. Pfitmer
andV Smiljanovski ...................................................................................... 1841
An Experimental Study of Combustion Dynamics of a Premixed Swirl Injector.
J. C. Broda, S. Seo, R.J. Santoro, G. ShirhattikarandV Yang ......................... 1849
DIESEL COMBUSTION
A Group Combustion Model for Treating Reactive Sprays in I.C. Engines.
P. Stapf, H. A. DlvyerandR. R. Maly ............................................................ 1857
The Effect of Fuel Volatility on Sprays from High-Pressure Swirl Injectors.
B. A. VanDerWege and S. Hochgreb .............................................................. 1865
Effects of an Ignition-Enhancing, Diesel-Fuel Additive on Diesel-Spray
Evaporation, Mixing, Ignition, and Combustion. B. Higgins, D. Siebers,
C. MuellerandA. Aradi ................................................................................ 1873
Measurements and Error Analysis of Droplet Size in Optically Thick Diesel
Sprays. T. Parker, E. Jepsen and H. McCann ................................................... 1881
DROPLET AND SPRAY COMBUSTION
Dynamics of Ignition Transience and Gasification Partition of a Droplet.
H. H. ChiuandL. H. Hu .............................................................................. 1889
Pyrolysis Product Absorption by Burning Benzene Droplets. N. D. Marsh, D. Zhu
and M.J. Wornat ......................................................................................... 1897
Effects of Cliar Content and Simple Additives on Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Droplet
Combustion. C. R. Shaddix and R J. Tennison ................................................ 1907
Thermo-Optical Investigation of Burning Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Droplets.
J. D'Alessio, M. Lazzaro, P. Massoli and V Moccia .......................................... 1915
Hysteresis Effects of Two Interactive Droplets Burning in Convective Flows.
W.-H. Chen, C.'C. Liu and T. L. Jiang ........................................................... 1923
Occurrence Probability of Microexplosion in Droplet Combustion of Miscible
Binary Fuels. M. Mikami, T. Yogi and N. Kojima ............................................. 1933
Role of Flamefront Motion and Criterion for Global Quasi-Steadiness in Droplet
Burning. L. He, S. D. Tse and C. K. Law ........................................................ 1943
Droplet/Flame Interactions Including Surface Tension Influences. H. A. Dlvyer,
B. D. ShalvandH. Niazmand ....................................................................... 1951
Numerical Analysis of Ignition of Fuel Droplet Array in Hot Stagnant Air.
M. Coto. Y. Ju and T Niioka ......................................................................... 1959
Observation of Combustion Characteristics of Droplet Clusters in a Premixed-
Spray Flame by Simultaneous Monitoring of Planar Spray Images and Local
Chemiluminescence. S. Tsushima, H. Saitoh, E Akamatsu and M. Katsuki ........ 1967
Spray Counterflow Diffusion Flames of Heptane: Experiments and Computations
with Detailed Kinetics and Transport. M. Massot, M. Kumar, M. D. Smooke and
A. Gornez..................................................................................................... 1975
Effect of Hardware Geometry on Gas and Drop Behavior in a Radial Mixer
Spray. A. Ateshkadi, V. C. McDonell and G. S. Samuelsen ................................ 1985
Quanitative Laser-Saturated Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide in a
Heptane-Fueled Lean Direct-injection Spray Flame at Varying Global
Equivalence Ratios. C. S. Cooper and N. M. Laurendeau ................................ 1993
An Experimental Investigation on Non-Premixed Turbulent Spray Flames and
Their Self-Similar Behavior. A. N. Karpetis and A. Gornez ............................... 2001
Extinction of Stretched Spray Flames with Nonunity Lewis Numbers in a
Stagnation-Point Flow. S.-S. Hou and T.-H. Lin .............................................. 2009
An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Effects of Acoustics on
Spray Combustion. R. K. Dubey, M. Q. McQuay andJ. A. de Carvalho Jr. ........ 2017
The Influence of Evaporation on the Autoignition-Delay of n-Heptane Air
Mixtures under Gas Turbine Conditions. M. C. Wolff, J. Meisl, R. Koch
andS.Wittig ............................................................................................. 2025
Experimental Investigation of Flame-holding System for the Suppression of
Ramjet Rumble. E. Lubarsky and Y. Levy ...................................................... 2033
Liquid-Fueled Active Instability Suppression. K. H. Yu, K. J. Wilson and K. C.
Schadow...................................................................................................... 2039
Mixing Enhancement of Non-Uniform Density Turbulent Jets Interacting with
Normal Shock Waves. J. C. Hennanson and B. M. Cetegen .............................. 2047
INVITED PLENARY LECTURE
A New Era in Spark-Ignition Engines Featuring High-Pressure Direct Injection.
Y. Takagi .................................................................................................... 2055
SPARK IGNITION ENGINES
Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Crevice Hydrocarbon Emissions
in a Spark-Ignited Engine. D. E Marran, M. B. Long W M. Stiuhinski,
J. C. SlvindalandW. R Acker ........................................................................ 2069
Comparative Study of Experimental and Numerical NO Profiles in SI
Combustion. C. Schuh, J. Wolfram and V Sick ............................................... 2077
Multidimensional Laser Diagnostic and Numerical Analysis of NO Formation in a
Gasoline Engine. C. Josefsson, I. Magnusson, E Hildenhrand, C. Scfnllz
and V Sick .................................................................................................. 2085
Fast-Spec: An Infrared Spectroscopic Diagnostic to Measure Time-Resolved
Exhaust Hydrocarbon Emissions from S.I. Engines. B. Mimikoff, P. Fuss and
M.J. Hall .................................................................................................... 2093
Detection of Extremely Fine Carbonaceous Particles in the Exhausts of Diesel
and Spark-lginited Internal Combustion Engines, by Means of Broad-Band
Extinction and Scattering Spectroscopy in the Ultra^olet Band 190-400 nm.
A. Borghcse and S. S. Merola ........................................................................ 2101
Multicomponent Liquid and Vapor Fuel Measurements in the Cylinder of a Port-
Injected, Spark Ignition Engine. P. L. Kelly-Zion, J. P. Styron, C.-F. Lee,
R.P. Lucht, J.E.Peters and R. A. White ....................................................... 2111
Assessing the Factors Affecting SI Engine Cycle-to-Cycle Variations at Idle.
P. C. HinzeandW. K, Cheng ......................................................................... 2119
Nonlinear Cycle DyTiamics in Lean Spark Ignition Combustion. R. M. Wagner,
J. A. Drallmeier and C. S.Daw ..................................................................... 2127
HIGH SPEED COMBUSTION
Nonlinear Instabilities Leading to Rapid Mixing and Combustion in Confined
Supersonic Double-Shear-Layer Flow. A. UmemuraandY. Takihana ................ 2135
Effects of Combustion on Flowfield in a Model SCRamjet Combustor.
S. Takahashi, K. Wakai, S. Tomioka, M. TsueandM. Kono .............................. 2143
Mach 2.5 Experiments of Reaction Quenching in Gas Sampling for Scramjet
Engines. T Mitani, N. Chinzei and G. Masuya ............................................... 2151
Shock-Induced Combustion in High-Speed Wedge Flows. C. I. Morris,
M. R. KamelandR, K. Hanson ...................................................................... 2157
Combustion-Induced Pressure Effects in Supersonic Diffusion Flames. K. H. Luo
andK. N. C. Bray ........................................................................................ 2165
Experimental Investigation of Flame-Holding Capability of Hydrogen Transverse
Jet in Supersonic Cross-Flow. A. Ben-Yakar and R. K. Hanson ......................... 2173
Scaling Effect of the Combustion Induced by Shock-Wave Boundary-Layer
Interaction in Premixed Cas. J..-Y. Choi, I.-S. Jeung and Y. Yoon ....................... 2181
INVITED TOPICAL REVIEW
The Shock Dynamics of Multidimensional Condensed and Gas-Phase
Detonations. P. S. Stewart ............................................................................ 2189
DETONATIONS
Three-Dimensional Structure of Stabilization of Oblique Detonation Wave in
Hypersonic Flow. C. Viguier, A. Courara and D. Desbordes ............................. 2207
Initiation of Cylindrical Detonation by Rapid Energy Deposition Along a Line.
A. J. Higgins, M. L Radulescu and J. H. S. Lee ................................................ 2215
Numerical and Theoretical Studies on Detonation Initiation by a Supersonic
Projectile. Y. Ju, G. Masuya and A. Sasoh ....................................................... 2225
Detonation Wave Propagation through a Single Orifice Plate in a Circular Tube.
G. Ciccarelli and J. L. Boccio ........................................................................ 2233
Detonation Propagation, Decay, and Reinitiation in Nonuniform Gaseous
Mixtures. M. S. Kumetsov, V 1. Alekseev, S. B. Dorofeev, I. D. Matsukov
and J. L. Boccio ......................................................................................... 2241
S