THE LANCET
VOL: 353, NO: 9149, JANUARY 1999

EDITORIAL

251 The horrors of Ashworth

MCOMMENTARY

252 The sacking of JAMA R Horton

254 Gambling with cardiovascular risk: picking the winners and the
losers S Grover

255 Laser-scanning cytometry D A Rew and others

256 Headache relief or impotence? N Benjamin

257 Outstanding issues in use of disease-modifying agents in rheumatoid
arthritis R Madhok, H A Capell

ARTICLES

259 Efficacy and safety of leflunomide compared with placebo and
slilphasalazine In active rheumatoid arthritis
J S Smolen and others, and the European Leflunomide Study Group

267 Comparison of radiation side'effects of conformal and conventional
radiotherapy in prostate cancer
D P Dearnaley and others

272 Effect of monochloramine disinfection of municipal drinking water on
risk of nosocomial Legionnaires' disease
J L Kool and others

278 Indications for cholesterol-lowering medication: comparison of
risk-assessment methods
P N Durrington and others

EARLY REPORTS

282 Arterial stenting and balloon angioplasty in ostial atheroscierotic
renovascular disease
P J G van de Ven and others

287 Effect of Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase on chronic
tension-type headache
M Ashina and others

CASE REPORT

290 The importance of reading fest results
G-M l ackmann and nthers

RESEARCH LETTERS
291 Intuitive hypertext-based molecular
Identificatlon of micro-organisrns
D Harmsen and others
291 Twinning and follc acld use
F Mathews and others

292 Periconceptlonal follc acld Intake in
NIJmegen, Netherlands
R L M Bekkers, T K A B Eskes

293 Acquired activated proteln-C resistance
In pregnancy and associatlon with
Increased thrombin generatlon and
fetal welght
P Clark and others

293 Effects of peripheral stem-cell or
bone-marrow reinfusion on peripheral
serotonin metabolism
A N M Wymenga and others

294 Improvement in renal function in
hepatorenal syndrome with
N-acetylcysteine
S Holt and others__________________

295 Acute fatty llver after malaria
prophylaxis with mefloquine
A Grieco and others

296 Healing of rickets after calclum
supplementatlon
L M Oginni and others

297 False-positive rapid tests for malaria In
patients with rheumatoid factor
M P Grobusch and others

297 Limitatlon of eye movement In merosln-
deficlent congenital muscular dystrophy
J Philpot, F Muntoni

298 Non-invasive evaluation of shoulder
problems after stroke
C l M Price and others

NEWS
Science & medicine

299 Nuclear-test-veterans' survey prompts
official inquiries
Catheter ablation efficacious and safe

300 Genetics of cardiovascular disease
FDA backs new device to reduce myopia

301 Prophylactic mastectomy Clits
breast-cancer risk

Physical rehabilitation in multiple
scierosis

Feature

302 Spotlight on male contraception

Dispatches
303 In-vitro fertilisation revisited in Japan
Doctors fight anti-abortionists

Policy & people

304 Stasi legacy still apparent
Call for lead-pollution elimination
Brazil approves health agency

305 Cigarette sales linked to aid
India changes drug patent law

306 Bovine-somatotropin debate goes on

SEMINAR
307 COX-2 Inhibitors
C J Hawkey

PUBLIC HEALTH

315 Making Cairo work
M Potts, J Waish
VIEWPOINT

319 Periodic ehest radiograph:
unnecessary, expensive,
but still pervasive
B T Mangura, L B Reichman

Contents list contlnues Inside
CORRESPONDENCE

321 Long-term results of RITA-1
K S Channer, K M English;
R A Henderson, S J Pocock
321 Paraquat poisoning
M F Wilk
H Daisley, G Hutchinson;
P Van der Stuyft;
M Eddleston, R Pal

323 Ageing and cardiovascular disease in
developing countries
G L lannuzzi and others

324 Thalidomide in toxic epidermal necrolysis
J D Klausner and others;
R Levy

324 Provider-to-patlent transmission of
hepatitis B virus
R S ROSS and others

325 Management of hyperemesis in
pregnant women
M J Dickson;
T J Child

325 Abnormal potassium-channel function
in platelets in Alzheimer's disease
B Widner and others;
D Gurwitz

326 Panic disorder
D F Klein;
P R Byrne, D S Cowley

327 Feeding a weaning infant
G Ewing, J M Green

327 Packed-cell volume and haemoglobin
in elite athletes
H 0 Tikkanen

328 AdJuvant therapy of cutaneous melanoma
P A Ascierto, G Palmieri

329 European centre for infectious disease
M Tibayrenc;
R Sehgal

329 Detention of potentially dangerous
people
0 Hill

330 Medical records
V Lane, P Hayward

330 Internet and European drug regulation
N J Greenaway

DEPARTMENT OF ERROR

330 Cardiovascular and cancer morbidity and mortatity
and sudden cardiac death in postrnenopasal
women on oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT)

DISSECTING ROOM

331 Internet accelerates spread of bogus cancer eure M Larkin

331 To a lost child l Blue

332 Technology and art against cancer L Armaroli

332 The Nobel Chronicies T N K Raju

333 The Information explosion in cystic fibrosis B Marshall

334 A promising drug for breast cancer L Payer

335 Below the Fold RVB

336 Ufeline D l Sessler
336 Post-Christmas traumatic syndrome P Kandeia

_______________________________________

THE LANCET

Volume 354, Number 9172 •

Saturday 3 July 1999

EDITORIAL
1 Making AIDS a business imperative


COMMENTARY
2 Lancet electronic research archive in international health and
eprint server
J McConnell, R Horton


3 Mycophenolate mofetil for Crohn's disease?
P W Lowry and others


4 Consensus and controversy over resuscitation of the newborn infant
R Soil


5 HIV infection: where have all the T cells gone?
S Rowland-Jones


7 Scientific misconduct: exaggerated fear but still real and requiring
a proportionate response
R Horton

ARTICLES

9 Effect of ACE inhibitor trandolapril on life expectancy of patients with
reduced left-ventricular function after acute myocardial Infarction
C Torp-Pedersen, L ^0ber, for the TRACE Study Group

13 Safety and efficacy of vigabatrin and carbamazepine in newly
diagnosed epilepsy
D Chadwick, for the Vigabatrin European Monotherapy Study Group

20 Relation of human papillomavirus status to cervical lesions and
consequences for cervical-cancer screening
M A E Nobbenhuis and others

26 Behavioural management In nursing and residential homes
R Proctor and others

30 Diagnosis of Hefi'cobacter pylori infection with a new non-invasive
antigen-based assay*
D Vaira and others, and the European HeUcobacter pylori HPSA study group

EARLY REPORT

34 High incidence of secondary brain tumours after radiotherapy and
antimetabolites
M V Rolling and others

CASE REPORT

40 A 4-year-old with a rash
F Falcini and others

41 Postoperative pain and subcutaneous
oxygen tension
0 Akca and others

45 Haemodynamic analysis of efficacy of
compression hosiery in elderly fallers
with orthostatic hypotension
R Henry and others

NEWS

Science & medicine

49 Catheterisation debate fuelled by
comparative study
Cataloguing of SNPs begins

50 Another P falciparum trick revealed
Brain abnormality in cluster headache
CD36 and its many functions

51 Experts give practical reproductive advice
Thyroid-cancer rates after Chernobyl


Feature
52 Science of haptics gets in touch with
prosthetics


Dispatches
53 From affluence to poverty in Iraq


Policy & people
54 Tighter regulations for genetically
modified foods

Japanese medical records stay
under wraps
US takes first steps to a doctors' union

55 EU debates care issues in terminally ill
Private-health-insurance chaos in Australia

56 Deal struck for Russians with tuberculosis
UK GPs urge government to slow down
Kashmir horror in sight

REVIEW

57 Handling of scientific
dishonesty in the Nordic
countries
M Nylenna and others

HYPOTHESIS
62 Heparin, cell adhesion, and
pathogenesis of inflammatory
bowel disease
R Day, A Forbes

VIEWPOINT

65 Rapid assessment, injecting
drug use, and public health
T Rhodes and others

43 Scierrosing pancreato-choolangttis
responsive to sterold therapy
G W Erkelens and others

44 Magnetisation transfer magnetic
resonance Imaging demonstration of
perilesiongilosis—relation wild
epilepsy In treated or healed
neurocysticercosis
R K Gupta and others


47 Delays In stroke referrals
F Johnston and others


48 Dementia, intelligence, and the
oomitetenca to complete advance
directives
S Fazel and others

CORRESPONDENCE

69 Health risks of genetically modified
foods
P Lachmann;
A D B Malcolm;
C B Feldbaum;
H Schellekens;
E Brunner, E Millstone


71 Antiphosphollpid antibodies and
thrombosis
F J Fernandez-Ferngndez;
F J Wiedermann and others;
N Gleicher and others;
F Conti and others


73 Failure of randomisation by "sealed"
envelope
R Peto;
L Hansson and others, for the CAPPP
Investigators


74 Psychological Issues in diabetes
A Zambanini and others

74 Use of fluoride
K W Stephen

75 Improvements in childhood mortality In
The Gambia
A G Hill and others

75 Perinatal Information system (SIP): a
clinical database in Latin America and
the Caribbean
F Simini

76 Promoting vitamin A status
N Chandrasekharan

76 ApoE genotype and protease-inhibitor-
associated hyperlipidaemla
G Behrens and others

77 Dioxins, Coca-Cola, and mass
sociogenic Illness in Belgium
B Nemery and others

77 History of breastfeeding and medical
profession
E Galanakis

78 Aspartame and the Internet
A Zehetner, M McLean

78 Evolution of micturition In man
A Meyers




79 Quintessence of dust R Richardson


80 (Almost) all you ever wanted to know about stents s M Butrnan


80 The Nobel Chronicles T N K Raju


81 Jonathan Mann's legacy W E Seidelman


82 What pop-pickers really, really want? K Morris


83 Wide-eyed and blue v A Kazandjian


84 Lifellne R M Califf

84 Hospital nocturne B Simini

THE LANCET

Volume 354, Number 9173 •

10 July 1999

EDITORIAL

85 A metered way of life


COMMENTARY

86 Screening for lung cancer: time to think positive . i E Smith

87 Weighing up disability . K c James, s D Foster

88 Nurse-led telephone-advice lines . p Shekelle, M Roland

89 V cholerae non-OI: implications for man? T cheasty and others

90 Whither Mycobacterium vaccae? L B Reichman

90 Cancer risk in patients on dialysis . c G Newstead

91 Ombudsman's third report . T Sherwood

92 The Wakley Prize, 1999 . R Horton

ARTICLES

93 Cancer in patients on dialysis for end-stage renal disease:
an international collaborative study
P Maisonneuve and others

99 Early Lung Cancer Action Project: overall design and findings from
baseline screening
C I Henschke and others

106 Use of point-of-care test in identification of patients who can benefit
from desmopressin during cardiac surgery
G J Despotis and others

111 Multiple-informant ranking of the disabling effects of different health
conditions in 14 countries
T Bedirhan Ostun and others, and the WHO/NIH Joint Project CAR Study Group

116 Immunotherapy with Mycobacterium vaccae in patients with newly
diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis
Durban Immunotherapy Trial Group

EARLY REPORT
120 Quantitative PCR of mycobacterial and propionibacterial DNA in
lymph nodes of Japanese patients with sarcoidosis
I Ishige and others


CASE REPORT
124 A breathless accountant who blew up balloons
M Thomeer and others

RESEARCH LETTERS
125 Erectile dysfunction in spina bifida is
treatable
J S Palmer and others

126 Nigral endothellal dysfunction,
homocystelne, and Parkinson's disease
T Muller and others


127 Venous thromboembolism among new
users of different oral contraceptives
R M C Herings and others

128 Myocarditis and primary Slogrens
syndrome
M-D Levin and others


129 Combined sentinel lymph-node mapping
and bone-marrow micrometastatic
analysis for improved staging In breast
cancer
N Retihan and others

NEWS

Science & medicine

133 Risks of chronic sheep-dip exposure
Threat of measles-vaccination refusal


134 Mitral valve prolapse revisited
Latest on rheumatology therapies
Factor Vila in critically wounded
Heart benefits from walking


135 New therapy target for septic shock
Testing time for resistant HIV-I

Feature
136 Whose article is it anyway?

Dispatches
137 Millions choke while stoves bum


Policy & people
138 Spain adopts EU BSE recommendations
Clinton's proposals to save Medicare
American Medical Association warning on
internet prescriptions

139 UK government policy paper on public
health
Protecting people in times of war
Nurses strike in Canada

140 US anthrax-vaccine maker's cash woes
Blow to Japan's medical establishment

REVIEW

141 Medical significance of
peroxisome proliferator-
activated receptors
J Vamecq, N Latruffe


DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL
HISTORY
149 The early modem debate about
foreign drugs: localism versus
universalism in medicine
A Wear

CLINICAL SYNTHESIS
CONFERENCE
152 Hormone replacement therapy
Clinical Synthesis Panel on HRT

CORRESPONDENCE

156 Effect of zldovudine on perinatal HIV-I
transmission and maternal viral load
D E Shapiro and others;
D Wilson;
N Shaffer and others;
I Wolffers;
B Golden and others

159 Debate on Dl Bella therapy
M P Laderoute;
U Tirelli, F Di Filippo

159 Stroke from traumatic arterial
dissection

Z Nadareishvili, J W Norris;
J Emmerich, J-N Fiessinger

160 Tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis for
Infants and teenagers
M-L Lambert;
P R Donald

161 Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding
R J Mcinnes, D H Stone;
A L Morrow and others

162 Naturally acquired Immunity to vivax
malaria
C Luxemburger and others

162 Thrombosis In pregnancy
J-PNg

163 Contamination of animal feed by
multiresistant enterococci
A E van den Bogaard, E E Stobberingh;
J G Morris and others

164 Drug development output: what
proportion for tropical diseases?
P Trouiller, P L Olliaro

164 Ciproffoxacin In typhoid fever
A Kapll and others


165 Performance of doctors
G de Wildt and others
165 Pair trade for less developed countries?
M WillCOX

165 Mental health of refugees from Kosovo
M E Black, 0 Tosic

166 Auditory hallucinations and the
bicameral mind
ROlin

THE LANCET

Volume 353, Number 9160 • Saturday 10 April 1999

1200 Confirmation needed for genes for hypertension
H Colhoun

1201 Continuing challenge of pneumococcal disease
S M Ostroff

1202 Asthma and pregnancy
M Schatz

1204 Dyskeratosis congenita: new clinical and molecular insights into
ribosome function
J A McGrath

1205 High-quality clinical databases: breaking down barriers
N Black

ARTICLES

1207 Screening for ovarian cancer
I J Jacobs and others

1211 Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: 77-year follow-up of the original family
A M Westerman and others

1216 Prospective multicentre hospital surveillance of Streptococcus pneumoniae
disease in India
Invasive Bacterial Infection Surveillance (IBIS) Group, International Clinical Epidemiology
Network (INCLEN)

1222 Genetic linkage of 3 and -/ subunits of epithelial sodium channel to
systolic blood pressure
Z Y H Wong and others

1226 Efficacy of home-based peer counselling to promote exclusive breastfeeding
A L Morrow and others

EARLY REPORT

1232 Damage to surfactant-specific protein in acute respiratory distress
syndrome
C S Baker and others

CASE REPORT

1238 Intractable epilepsy
A Shuper and others

RESEARCH LETTERS

1239 Delivery of premature newborns
and maternal breast-cancer risk
C-c Hsieh and others

1240 Non-random chromosome positioning
in human sperm and sex chromosome
anomalies following intracytoplasmic
sperm injection
C M Luetjens and others

1241 Increased lipid peroxidation in patients
with rhabdomyolysis
S Holt and others

1241 Re-emergence of chloramphenicol-
sensitive Salmonella typhi
S Sood and others

1242 Blunt-head trauma associated with
widespread water-diffusion changes
U C Wieshmann and others

1243 Simple two-step swallowing provocation
test for elderly patients with aspiration
pneumonia
S Teramoto and others

1243 Abnormal body-fat distribution in
HIV-l-infected children on antiretrovirals
F E Babi and others

NEWS

Science & medicine

1245 Risks seen in new drugs for Aizheimer's
disease
Oestrogens and postmenopausal women

1246 Chemokine action elucidated
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation before
defibrillation

1247 Prevention of oesophageal varices
Telephone triage doubts
What does folate do?

Feature

1248 A positive approach to burn care

Dispatches

1249 The Kuwaiti passion for food

Policy & people

1250 Dutch Legionnaire's disease outbreak
Industrial chemicals damage hearing
Medicare better off than expected
Kevorkian convicted of murder

1251 Mass sterilisations in India
Abuse of adults on the increase
HIV vaccine trials in Australia

1252 Leprosy patients sue for compensation
Spain offers methadone alternative

SEMINAR

1253 Hepatocellular carcinoma
D F Schäfer, M F Sorrell

THROMBOSIS

1258 Thrombosis in pregnancy:
maternal and fetal issues
I A Greer

ESSAY

1265 Helen
P Reagan
CORRESPONDENCE

1268 Toxic effect of MDMA on brain
serotonin neurons
L J Reed and others;
J F Morgan;
J T Kulkka, A K Ahonen;
A Klugman and others;
K L R Jansen, A R W Forrest;
U D McCann and others

1271 Does variant Creutzfeidt-Jakob disease
have an Achilles heel?
D W Burdon

1272 Pentosan in transmissible spongiform
encephalopathies
M A Deli and others

1272 Mortality and light to moderate alcohol
consumption after myocardial
infarction
H C Bücher;
L Bujanda and others;
J M Gaziano, J Muntwyler

1273 Physical disorders in musicians
C Grindea

1274 A986S polymorphism of calcium-
sensing receptor
H Kanazawa

1274 Stalins and C-reactive protein
C Kluft and others;
U Ikeda and others

1275 Rotavirus vaccine in Japan and
Australia
0 Nakagomi and others

1275 Optimum doses of irinotecan
C Erlichman and others;
D Cunningham

1276 Missense mutations at ATM gene and
cancer risk
I Vorechovsky and others

1277 Biases in reporting of trials
W Lorenz;
A N Greenwood

1278 Decriminafisation of opioid use
J Macleod

1278 Careless doctors are dangerous for
their patients
B Michiels and others

1278 Near total sternal agenesis
L Altschuler

LANCET
VOL. 353 , NO. 9162 , 1999


EDITORIAL

1373 Surgery into the future

COlVIMENTARY

1374 Is PAPNET suitable for primary screening?
F A F Kreuger and others

1375 Prognosis in acute pulmonary embolism
J Hirsh, S M Bates

1376 Flies and the elimination of blinding trachoma c Dawson

1377 Renaissance in electrocardiography p w Macfariane

1379 Cancer survival is no lottery D Ozonoff, R Clapp

1380 Truth, bias, and the medical "expert" D Brahams

1380 Surgery tomorrow v Choo

ARTICLES

1381 Assessment of automated primary screening on PAPNET of cervical
smears in the PRISMATIC trial
Prismatic Project Management Team

1386 Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International
Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER)
S Z Goldhaber and others, for ICOPER

1390 Heart-rate turbulence after ventricular premature beats as a predictoi
of mortality after acute myocardial infarction
G Schmidt and others

1397 Aftercare and clinical characteristics of people with mental illness
who commit suicide
L Appleby and others

1401 Effect of fly control on trachoma and diarrhoea
P M Emerson and others

EARLY REPORT

1404 Effect of antenatal betamethasone administration on placental
vascular resistance
E M Wallace, L S Baker

CASE REPORT
1408 Clumsiness, confusion, coma, and valproate c J Eiiaway and others

NEWS

Science & medicine

1417 Predicting decline in Aizheimer's disease
Experts say HAART break won't hurt

1418 Cancer researchers get down to arrays
Keeping women healthy after 40

1419 Sudden death—a family affair
Pay attention with nicotine
Pain care in terminal cancer

Feature

1420 Michael DeBakey: taking challenges to
heart

Dispatches

1421 US life sciences gets the lion's share
Doctor relives past in war-orimes trial

Policy & people

1422 Japanese outcry at sale of "cloned" beef
Smoother medical negligence claims
Irish hospital cervical smear blunder

1423 Humanitarian crisis in the Balkans
US home-care surveillance postponed

1424 Austria curbs medical training drop-outs
Eradicating measles in the Americas

SEMINAR

1425 Schizophrenia
S K Schultz, N C Andreasen

THROMBOSIS

1431 New antithrombotic agents
J Hirsh, J l Weitz

PUBLIC HEALTH

1437 Trends in cancer survival in
England and Wales
D Sharp


RESEARCH LETTERS
1409 Induction of cell-membrane porosity by
ultrasound
K Tachibana and others

1409 Avulsion of the occipital bone—an
airbag-specific Injury
T P Hansen and others

1410 Organophosphate exposure and variant
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
D Churchill and others

1410 Needle-free vehicle for administration
radionuclide for sentinel-node biopsy
M R S Keshtgar and others

1411 Prothrombotic mutations as a risk factc
for preterm birth
W Göpel and others

1412 Enhanced pulmonary inflammation in
organ donors following fatal
non-traumatic brain injury
A J Fisher and others

1413 Interferon-p(beta 1 b ) augments activation-
induced T-cell death in multiple sclerosli
patients
A Käser and others

1414 Nitric oxide ABO blood group difference
in children
J McFadzean and others

1415 Acute phase response and evolution of
familial Mediterranean fever
M Tunca and others

1415 Symptomless Plasmodlum vlvax
infections In native Amazonlans
E P Camargo and others

1416 Crowd influence on decisions in
association football
A Nevill and others

CORRESPONDENCE

1439 COX-2 inhibitors
T Tustin;
R l Russell;
l Bjarnason;
C J Hawkey

1441 Screening for syphilis
S J Winceslaus;
W K Roth, E Seifried

1442 Retinal side-effects of sildenafil
M A Vobig and others

1442 Molecular typing of Mycobacterlum
tuberculosis
S Bonora and others

1443 Asthma exacerbations
K Parameswaran and others

1443 Comparison of radiation side-effects ir
prostate cancer
W Ulleby and others

1443 Xenotransplantation deserves better
J Julvez

1444 Groin pain in athletes
G Syme and others;
W W Gibbon

1445 Frailty in elderly Japanese
K Matsubayashi and others

1446 Diagnosis of venous thromboembolism
P-M Roy and others

1446 Need for preoperative visit before
general anaesthesia
N R K Anders, 0 Dearlove

1447 The bacteria craze
T H Pennington, H McKenzie;
J Danesh and others

1447 New drugs, new adverse drug
reactions, and bibliographic databases
A Figueras and others

1448 Will you have a glass of red or white
wine?
L Pazart

DISSECTING ROOM

1449 Opium in Britain: conflicting and converging interests w Hall

1449 Narben D Henrichs

1450 The Nobel Chronicles T N K Raju

1450 Virtual guiding lights K Morris

1451 "Let me through—I'm a arts practitioner!" c Martin

1452 Malaria on Merseyside D Sharp

1453 Sketches from The Lancet P Kandela

1454 Lifeline M Stoppard

1454 Uganda: seeds of hope J Moore

THE LANCET

Volume 353, Number 9165 May 1999

1633 Chaos surrounds high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer

1634 Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: another disease of affluence
0 James, C Day

1636 Prevention of postherpetic neuralgia
R H Dworkin

1637 Better coronary risk assessment in women
J Silberberg

1638 Prophylaxis against contrast-induced nephropathy
D B G Oliveira

1639 Public disclosure of performance data: does the public get what the
public wants?
H T 0 Davies, M N Marshall

NEWS
Science & medicine
1681 Public-health message on dioxin unclear
Marburg behind Congo haemorrhagic fever

1682 Allergy mechanism examined
Fatty acids and mental health

1683 Ear pain during air flights
How to heal fistulas in Crohn's disease
Patent foramen ovale and migraine

Feature

1684 Individuality to be defined with SNPs

Dispatches

1685 On leaving Florence Nightingale behind
' Pharmaceutical wrangles cast a wide net

Policy & people

1686 AIDS campaigner on trial for vaccine test
US blood recipients and hepatitis C
Deportee dies on plane

1687 Philippines birth rate affects economy
Spanish junior doctors strike
UK government restricts sildenafil use

1688 Indian polio strategy reviewed
Malaria and tobacco top of WHO agenda
Pakistan sees huge increase in suicides

1689 BCG immunotherapy of bladd
cancer: 20 years on
A B Alexandroff and others

1641 Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk postmenopausal breast-
cancer patients given adjuvant tamoxifen
M Overgaard and others

1649 Markers of inflammation and prediction of diabetes mellitus
in adults (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study)
M I Schmidt and others, for the ARIC Investigators

1653 Brain structure and neurocognitive and behavioural function in
adolescents who were born very preterm
A L Stewart and others

1657 Audio-computer interviewing to measure risk behaviour for HIV
among injecting drug users
D C Des Jarlais and others

1662 Association of abnormal cerebeliar activation with motor learning
difficulties in dyslexic adults
R I Nicolson and others

1667 Development of a nurse-led sedation service for paediatric magnetic
resonance imaging M R J sury and others

1695 Management of cancer pain
R K Portenoy, P Lesage

1672 A sore anus for 6 months s J Wincesiaus, J schofieid

1701 Caring for ethnic Albanians in
Macedonia's refugee camps
T Agovino

1673 Codon 129 prion protein genotype and
sporadic Creutzfeidt-Jakob disease
A Alperovitch and others

1674 Low 1-year prevalence of atopic eczema
in very low birthwelght infants
C Buhrer and others
1674 Alcohol injection: a new method of
treating placenta) chorioangiomas
U Nicolini and others

1675 Relative eosinophiiia and functional
adrenal insufficiency in critically ill
patients
A Belshuizen and others

1676 Percutaneous radlofrequency interstitial
thermal ablation of small hepatocellular
carcinoma
H P Allgaier and others
1677 Contribution of immediate and delayed
ischaemic damage to the volume of final
infarcts
W-D Heiss and others

1678 Latent dysbetalipoproteinaemia
precipitated by HIV-protease inhibitors
R K Lister and others

1678 Neurological complications in heparin-
induced
C Pohl an

1704 Transmyocardial laser revascularisation
J McMurray;
K A Horvath, K A Kadipasaoglu;
A M Lansing;
R Moosdorf:
R Hetzer, T Krabatsch;
P M Schofield and others

1707 Osteoporotic fractures in Cornwall
Pande, C Pritchard

1707 In-vitro spermatogenesis
C Foresta and others;
J Tesarik and others

1708 Deep-vein thrombosis
p malhotra

1709 g resistance among acid-fast bacilli

1709 Salt, diet, and health
G A MacGregor, H E de Wardener;
J Swales

1710 Provision of treatment for multiple
sclerosis
A Compston

1711 Smoking and acute appendicitis
V S Catalan;
S M Montgomery and others;
B K Butland, D P Strachan

1712 Political correctness
M Schindi, P Birner

1714 Risk of cervical cancer and geographical
variations of human papillomavirus 16 E6
polymorphisms

1714 Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
from patients smear-negative for acid-fast bac

1714 Transmyocardial laser revascularisation in
patients with refractory angina: a randomised
controlled trial

1714 A pill a day, or two, for hepatitis B?

1714 Elective caesarean-section versus vaginal
delivery in prevention of vertical HIV-I
transmission




1713 Authorship criteria and academic
reward
A Marusic, M Marusic

1714 Randomised trials are not unethical
J S Vaidya, M Baum

1714 Typhoid Mary
J S Marr

1715 Bench and bedside haematological malignancies w Kern

1715 The Spirit of Tibet

1716 Websites in brief M Larkin

1716 The Nobel Chronicles T N K Raju

1717 "Taking a line for a walk" C Martin

1718 Tribute B Chandra

1719 Below the Fold RVB

1720 Lit el inc S Franceschi
1720 Shades of Dorian Gray R Eastwood

THE LANCET

Volume: 353, Number: 9166, May 1999

1721 Case for free access to fundamental data

1722 Thrombomodulin and coronary heart disease
P P Nawroth, H-U Haring

1723 Therapeutic vaccines for preventing AIDS: their use with HAART
R Hoff, J McNamara

1724 Why might infertile couples have problem pregnancies?
D D Baird and others

1725 Mismatched transplants for refractory lymphoma?
J H F Falkenburg, H C Kluin-Nelemans

1727 Where we are now with rhDNase
D M Geddes, P L Shah

1728 Post-stroke depression, not to be underestimated
V Hachinski

1728 Acronymania
D Sharp

1729 Soluble thrombomodulin as a predictor of incident coronary heart
disease and symptomless carotid artery atherosclerosis in the
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
V Salornaa and others

1735 Therapeutic immunisation with recombinant gpl60 in HIV-I infection
E Sandstrom, B Wahren, and the Nordic VAC-04 Study Group

1742 Risk of breast cancer in women with palpable breast cysts
J M Dixon and others on behalf of the Edinburgh Breast Group

1746 Assessment of separate contributions to perinatal mortality of
infertility history and treatment
E S Draper and others

1750 Occupational asthma in Europe and other industrialised areas
M Kogevinas and others, and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey
Study Group

Science & medicine

1769 BMA enters GM-crop affray
New cure for the cold tested

1770 Is high homocysteine clinically relevant?
Rheumatoid-arthritis drug and infections
Apoptosis in Huntington's disease

1771 Chemotherapy concerns at ASCO
Diagnosis of manic depression in children

Feature

1772 Neurosurgeons wake up to awake-brain
surgery

Dispatches

1773 institutional review boards can fail
North Koreans in the grip of famine

Policy & people

1774 Brundtiand maps out challenges for WHO
Reporting in-vitro fertilisation outcomes
Australia tackles surrogacy

1775 New Zealand hits cervical-smear hitches
Visitors to UK banned from blood donation
Irish government apologises for abuse

1776 Clashes at the Bristol Inquiry
Australian government boosts research

SEMINAR

1777 Lichen sclerosus
J J Powell, F Wojnarowska

PAIN SERIES

1784 Assessment of patients'
reporting of pain: an integrated
perspective
D C Turk, A Okifuji

1755 Mixed lymphohaemopoietic chimerism and graft-versus-lymphoma
effects after non-myeloablative therapy and HLA'mismatched
bone-marrow transplantation
M Sykes and others

1760 A midlife crisis K Wrenn and others

HYPOTHESIS
1789 The fetal insulin hypothesis:
an alternative explanation of
the association of low
birthweight with diabetes and
vascular disease
A T Hattersley, J E Tooke

1761 Oral health of elderly occupants in 1765
residential homes
D Simons and others

1762 Tacrolimus in refractory polymyositis with 1766
interstitial lung disease
C V Oddis and others

1763 New splitting technique for liver grafts 1766
M Colledan and others

1763 Atorvastatin-induced acute hepatitis 1767
with absence of cross-toxicity with
simvastatin

A Nakad and others 1768

1764 Riluzole for (evodopa-induced dyskinesias
in advanced Parkinson's disease
D Merims and others
1793 CAPPP trial
P 0 Lim;
A J Scheen;
M I Wiggam and others;
F H Messerii, E Grossman;
J Brown, M J Brown;
F Gueyffier and others;
L Hansson and others

1796 Bliccal midazolam and rectal
diazepam for epilepsy
S J Ellis, L Baddely;
R C Scott and others;
M Scheepers and others;
A Chattopadhyay and others

1798 lnterleukin-6 concentrations in
neonatal sepsis
S Mehr, L Doyle;
E E Onal and others

1799 Routine PCR screening of blood
F Barin;
W K Roth, E Seifried

1800 Circadian variation in thrombotic risk
factors in haemorrhagic cardiovascular
events
K Kario, T G Pickering;
R Manfre dini and others

1801 "Hard boiled egg" in the peritoneal cavil
tan-7on an^ rithorc
1801 Epidural analgesia and risk of caesarean
section
S H Halpern, B L Leighton

1802 Bezatibrate for tamoxifen-induced
non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
T Saibara and others

1802 Sexual dysfunction with protease
inhibitors
R Colebunders and others

1803 Religion and medicine
J B Tucker;
TA Roper;
B S Rabin;
H G Keonig

1804 A propos premieres in medicine
A Gallino, M Turina

THE LANCET

Volume: 353, Number: 9167, May 1999

1811 Health risks of genetically modified foods

1812 Inflammatory mediators in heart failure: homogeneity through
heterogeneity D L Mann

1813 Metabolic complications of urinary diversion A R Mundy

1814 New approach to prevention of kernicterus R w i Cooke

1815 "Doctor, is wine good for my heart?" K A Bradley, J o Mernii

1816 Exposure assessment in community-based epidemiological studies
P Stewart

1817 Towards a coherent public-health analysis for epilepsy
D K Pal and others

1818 Eurovisions S Kleinert, R Horton

1819 Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease
J Vestbo and others

1824 Low-potency oestrogen and risk of endometrial cancer
E Weiderpass and others

1829 Mother-to-child transmission of toxoplasmosis: risk estimates for
clinical counselling
D Dunn and others

1834 Feasibility of neonatal screening for toxoplasma infection in the
absence of prenatal treatment
M Lebech and others, and the Danish Congenital Toxoplasmosis Study Group

1838 Endotoxin and immune activation in chronic heart failure
J Niebauer and others

Science & medicine

1857 Call for better salvage therapy for HIV-I
infection
Aortic dissection treated with stent grafts

1858 Combination therapy best in depression
How to measure blood pressure forgotten
Nasal therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma

1859 H pylori prevalence to fail
Jury still out on vitamin B6 for PMS

Feature

1860 Ruth Bishop: rotaviruses and vaccines

Dispatches

1861 Decline of medical services in Iraq

Policy & people

1862 Racism in UK disiplinary hearings tackled
Clinton waives claim to tobacco money
Drug companies fined for price fixing

1863 UK disability benefit cuts passed
WHA approves WHO budget
Zuma given tobacco award

1864 EU stand firm on hormone-treated beef
Early defibrillation by lay people trialled
Oncologist repremanded for defamation

PAIN SERIES

1865 Management of chronic pain
M A Ashburn, P S Staats

1843 Acquired rifamycin monoresistance in patients with HIV-related
tuberculosis treated with once-weekly rifapentine and isoniazid
A Vernon and others, for the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL
HISTORY

1870 Paul Martini: the first clinical
pharmacologist?
J H Shelley, M P Baur

1848 Disorientation and vertebral fractures D McConnaughey and others

1849 Erythropoietin, given enterally, stimulates
erythropoiesis in premature infants
A Ballin and others

1850 Children with type-I diabetes and their
unaffected siblings have fewer symptoms
of asthma
F Douek and others

1850 L-dopa slows the progression of familial
parkinsonism
K Gwinn-Hardy and others

1851 Are live saccharomyces yeasts harmful
to patients?
R Piarroux and others

1852 Laveran remembered: malaria haemozoin
in leucocytes
C Lawrence

1852 Is needle diathermy excision of the
transformation zone a better treatment
for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
than large loop excision?
P S Basu and others
1853 Increased concentrations of follicle-
stimulating hormone in mothers of
children with Down's syndrome
J M van Montfrans and others

1854 Vancomycin-resistant enterococci
in imported chickens In Japan
Y Ike and others

1855 Screening mammography for women
starting hormone replacement therapy
R Achuthan and others

1855 HIV-I infected patients with toxic
epidermal necrolysis: an occupational
risk for healthcare workers
V Descamps and others

1856 Geography of biomedical publications
in the European Union, 1990-98
L Hefler and others

ESSAY

1875 Gut rot
A Marston

VIEWPOINT

1873 Human germline gene
modification: a dissent
Paul R Billings and others

1878 Science, ethics, and future of research
into maternal-infant transmission of
HIV-I
J A Omene;
P Lurie, SM Wolfe;
B Foex;
R E Isturiz; •
C M Wilfert, J W Curran;
D B Greco;
C M Wilfert and others

1881 Perianal ulcer
J FGM Meis and others

1882 Acquired activated protein-C resistanc
C Kluft and others

1882 The UKPDS: what was the question?
R M Ewart

1883 Leflunomide for active rheumatoid
arthritis
G A W Bruyn and others;
G F Ferraccioli, S De Vita;
J S Smolen and others

1884 In defence of the Milquetoast
phenotype
R Beech

1885 Haemopoietic stem-cell transplantatio)
for juvenile chronic arthritis
M Kami and others;
N M Wuiffraat;
P Quartier and others
1886 Stroke prevention
M Viukari

1886 Oral corticosteroids and bone
pain after pamidronate in adults
with cystic fibrosis
C S Haworth and others

1887 A NICE programme
S J Proctor;
N W Goodman

1887 Health hijack
P M Fenton

1888 More lessons from unfortunate events
in Toronto
P Mansour

1888 Declaration of Helsinki
D Human

1888 Change of HAART
B R Ediin

_______________________________________

LANCET
VOL. 354 , NO. 9174 , 1999



EDITORIAL

173 Coke adds life, but cannot always explain it

COMMENTARY

174 Extended-wear contact lenses, microbial keratitis, and public health
J Dart

175 Inguinal herniorrhaphy: for surgical specialists only?
D W Rattner

176 Rehabilitation therapy after stroke
D Wade

177 Quitting smoking and lungs
M F Muers

178 Implantable insulin pumps
J L Selam

179 What test for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical insufficiency?
D H P Streeten

ARTICLES

181 Incidence of contact-lens-associated microbial keratitis and its
related morbidity
K H Cheng and others

185 Laparoscopic versus open repair of groin hernia
The MRC Laparoscopic Groin Hernia Trial Group

191 Intensity of leg and arm training after primary middle-cerebral-artery
stroke
G Kwakkel and others

197 Outcome of primary breast cancer patients with micrometastases
J L Mansi and others

203 Effect of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity due to Plasmodium
falciparum in young children in Papua New Guinea
A H Shankar and others

210 Prescription of transdermal nicotine patches for smoking cessation
in general practice
J A Stapleton and others

CASE REPORT

216 Erythrocytosis and a fibroid
M Yoshida and others

RESEARCH LETTERS

217 Reduced movement of median nerve in
carpal tunnel during wrist flexion in
patients with non-specific arm pain
J Greening and others

218 Codon 72 polymorphism of p53 and its
association with cervical cancer
I Zehbe and others

219 Serum homocysteine increases after
therapy with fenofibrate or bezafibrate
J Dierkes and others

220 Microchimerism in Japanese women
patients with systemic sclerosis
Hideyuki Murata and others

220 Detection of risk of falling and hip
fracture in women referred for bone
densitometry
G Durward and others

221 Haemochromatosis gene C282Y
homozygotes in an elderly male
population
G Willis and others

222 Prevalence of coeliac disease in
idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
M Curione and others

223 NHS attitudes to good medical practice
A Hutchinson and others

224 Oestrogen and age estimations of
perimenopausal women
L Wildt, T Sir-Petermann


NEWS

Science & medicine
225 Alleged unlicensed gene-therapy trials
come to light
HIV-I vaccines and nef

226 Chromosomal vulnerability to mutagens
Consideration of neonatal pain responses

227 Lipid reduction is good for the heart
Reassuring news on mammography
Enterovirus 71 outbreak in Australia

Feature

228 Viewing the mind's maladies through
Darwin's eyes

Dispatches

229 Japanese media coverage of
transplantations
Mounting disapproval of methadone
clinics in Ireland

Policy & people

230 Doctor and patient groups vote for
presumed consent
WHO starts final campaign against polio

231 Florida scorches tobacco industry
Japan targets tuberculosis
Austrian bedwetting "holiday camp"

232 Quebec nurses' strike continues
Pregnant women's rights in Canada
Access to medical records in Catalonia

SEMINAR

233 Psychopharmacotherapy in
children and adults with
intellectual disability
P J Santosh, G Baird

LITERATURE AND
MEDICINE

243 Stories at work: reflective
writing for practitioners
G Bolton

VIEWPOINT

246 What does the human embryo
look like, and does it matter?
M K Richardson, M J Reiss


CORRESPONDENCE

249 Pancreatic enzymes and fibrosing
colonopathy
M Bakowski;
G J Connett, C J Rolles;
P Prescott;
D van Velzen;
C J Powell;
J D Lloyd-Still and others

252 Home blood-glucose monitoring
W Brinkert, J Bakker;
M Urdang and others

252 High-dose chemotherapy for breas
cancer in USA
J R Durant

253 Hepatocellular carcinoma
B M Belt;
D F Schäfer, M F Sorrell;
A S Kashyap, S Kashyap;
C Deans, P Leslie

254 Eflornithine for African sleeping
sickness
A Sjoerdsma, P J Schechter

254 Drug-induced headaches
A Dowson;
V Limmroth, H-C Diener

255 Effects of somatic cloning
J A Morris

255 Antenatal betamethasone and
fetoplacental blood flow
S L Adamson, J Kingdom;
L D E Wijnberger and others

256 Hormone replacement therapy and
heart-rate variability
C S Hayward and others

257 Harmonisation of availability of drugs
for Aizheimer's disease
B Winblad

257 Randomised controlled trials in surgery
J Fairbank

258 Averting a malaria disaster
F l D Konotey-Ahulu

258 Nobel chronicle: Fleming and Gratia
C de Scoville and others


258 The exceptional brain of Albert Einstein

258 Relation between laboratory test results and
histological hepatitis activity in individuals
positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and
antibodies to hepatatis B e antigen

DISSECTING ROOM

259 Public hospitals' challenge to social Darwinism K s Lobach

259 Art from the Froehlich Collection

260 What's amiss with web search engines? M Larkin

261 Where Sunday painters rub shoulders with acclaimed artists c Wood

262 Depression, physical illness, and the faces of Rembrandt c H Espinel

263 The Nobel Chronicles T N K Raju

264 Lifeline P Kincaid-Smith

264 Please, not wrinkles D Davies

LANCET
Volume 354 , Number 9175 , July 1999

EDITORIAL

265 Untold costs of keeping up appearances

COMMENTARY

266 Chronic lung disease of prematurity—prevention by inhaled
corticosteroids?
A Greenough

267 Epilepsy surgery where there is dual pathology R s Fisher, D Blum

268 Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis LP Nicod

269 Prevention of restenosis after stenting
U Sigwart

270 Progress in care of the diabetic foot
M E Edmonds

272 Avoidance of variability and error in radiology
M H Lev and others

ARTICLES

273 Adjuvant mitomycin and fluorouracil followed by oral uracil plus
tegafur in serosa-negative gastric cancer
T Nakajima and others, and the Gastric Cancer Surgical Study Group

278 Occupational therapy for stroke patients not admitted to hospital
M F Walker and others

281 Possible relation of atypical parkinsonism in the French West Indies
with consumption of tropical plants
D Caparros-Lefebvre, A Elbaz, and the Caribbean Parkinsonism Study Group

287 Efficacy of live, attenuated, human rotavirus vaccine 89-12 in infants
D I Bernstein and others

291 Mortality in North Korean migrant households
W C Robinson and others

296 Efficacy and safety of oral rehydration solution with reduced
osmolarity in adults with cholera
N H Alam and others, and the CHOICE study group

CASE REPORT

300 A woman with panic attacks and double vision who liked cheese
T Vogt, P Hasler

RESEARCH LEITERS

301 Effect on stroke of different
progestagens in low oestrogen dose oral
contraceptives
N R Poulter and others

302 Risk of idiopathic cerebral haemorrhage
in women on oral contraceptives with
differing progestagen components
S S Jick and others

303 Adaptive angiogenesis in placentas of
heavy smokers
C Pfarrer and others

304 Dengue in Guyana
C J Palmer and others

304 Thrombocytopenia induced by Jul, a
traditional Chinese herbal medicine
Y Azuno and others

305 Left-isomerism sequence and maternal
type-I diabetes
M Splitt and others

306 Epidemic of neurolathyrism in Ethiopia
H Getahun and others

307 Effect of topical application of nerve-
growth factor on pressure ulcers
R Bernabei and others

307 Fatal septicaemia after fibroid
embolisation
A Vashisht and others

308 Abnormal blinking of newscasters
K Tsubota and others


NEWS

Science & medicine

309 Low-cost drug cuts perinatal
HIV-transmission rate
Rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine on hold

310 Opiate receptors and pain sensitivity
UK to use new meningitis vaccine
US FDA stops urokinase sales again

311 Statins and cardiovascular disease
CHD risk in diabetics reduced by alcohol
Education for a healthy life

Feature

312 The health of the Inuit in their new land

Dispatches

313 Overhauling health-care in Kazakhstan

Policy & people

314 Spain sued over specialist training
lnternational guidelines for organic food

315 UK proposals for severe personality
disorders
Brazil takes US tobacco industry to court
UN counts the cost of Kosovo

316 US Senate passes patients' bill of rights
New guidelines for Japanese Sanatoriums
UK judge overrules transplant patient

REVIEW

317 Variant Creutzfeldt'Jakob
disease
J Collinge

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL
HISTORY

324 The first English medical
journal: Medicina Curiosa
E Colman

VIEWPOINT

327 Clinical trials, consensus
conferences, and clinical
practice
A D Sniderman

ESSAY

331 The Achilles feat
M J Nissenblatt

CORRESPONDENCE

333 Co-trimoxazole in HIV-1 infection
C P Hudson, T Roach;
R Brindle;
M J Boeree and others;
M Badri and others;
X Anglaret and others

335 Oral contraceptives and risk of hip
fractures
C La Vecchia and others

336 Mannose-binding lectin and
meningococcal disease
C Tang, D Kwiatkowski;
P Garred and others;
M L Hibberd and others;
P van Helden, E Hoal-van Helden;
E J Kuijper and others;
P Megyeri and others

338 S-nitrosothiols for nitrate tolerance
S Maxwell and others

339 Disruption of diurnal rhythm in the
elderly
K Kario, J E Schwartz

339 Clonidine-growth-hormone testing in
Parkinson's disease
C J Mathias, J R Kimber

340 Foveal translocation surgery in
age-related macular degeneration
0 Cekic and others

340 Hepatitis A vaccine for secondary
hepatitis A infection
P Beutels, P Van Damme;
B P Bell, H S Margolis;
A S Monto, J C Victor;
D Shouval, Y Ashur;
A Mele and others

343 Helsinki Declaration and Thailand
J Suwanjandee, D Wilson

343 Modern health services versus
traditional engozi system in Uganda
M Katabarwa

344 Natural course of a Wilms' tumour
A Zoubek and others

344 Positive potential of a sad experience
C Burns-Cox

DISSECTING ROOM

345 The compassion of Dr Gachet F Bendheim

346 Science, art, and philosophy in organ transplantation H Bismuth

347 The drain brain D Sharp

347 The Nobel Chronicles T N K Raju

348 Focusing on London J de Burgh

349 Cardiology rounds N Bilier

350 Lifeline SHalstead

350 Metropolitan lines D Park