NEW DIRECTIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION
Number 105, Spring 1999
CONTENTS
EDITORS' NOTES 1
J. Douglas Toma, Adrianna]. Kezar
1. Transformations of the American College Ideal: Six Historic 7
Ways of Learning
Lester F. Goodchild
There are six historic ways of learning in American education. These pro-
vide a framework for understanding the American collegiate ideal, hut a
comprehensive vision of that ideal for the future is still lacking.
2. The Diverse Campus: Broadening Our ideal to Incorporate 25
All Voices
AdrifinnaJ. Kezar
The collegiate ideal, often associated with elitism in higher education, has
changed over time to become more plurahstic and thus lo more accurately
reflect increasingly diverse student populations.
3. Developing the Whole Student: The Collegiate Ideal 35
Lisa E. Wolf-Wendel, Marti Ruel
Because traditional models for developing the "whole student" no longer
serve the diverse populations of students increasingly pursuing higlier edu-
cation, a new philosophy focusing on the partnership between student
affairs professionals and faculty members is necessary to further student
development goals.
4. The Student Affairs Establishment and the Institutionalization 47
of the Collegiate ideal
Anna M. Ortiz
Through their structure and services, student affairs units have institution-
alized the collegiate ideal on many campuses. In order for tlie collegiate ideal
to evolve to represent and encourage a more inclusive environment, student
affairs professionals must examine their policies and procedures and make
changes needed to meet the developmental needs of non-traditional students.
5. Faculty Culture and College Life: Reshaping Incentives Toward 59
Student Outcomes
Marilyn J. Amey
At many research universities, faculty incentives have moved further from
student needs. Is it inevitable that research-oriented faculty divorce them-
selves from campus life, and are there ways to reshape the incentive sys-
tem to incorporate faculty contributions to tlieir own institutions,
especially in regard to student development?
6. Challenges Facing Shared Governance Within the College 71
Christopher C. Morphew
How might technological arid environmental changes reshape the model of
shared governance between faculty and administrators in higher education
that plays such a vital role in our conception of the collegiate ideal?
7 The Collegiate Ideal and the Tools of External Relations: 81
The Uses of High-Profile Intercollegiate Athletics
J. Douglas Toma
High-profile athletic prograins provide a powerful tool to connect external
constituents and campus communities alike with the collegiate traditions
that form tlic essence of institutional culture at large universities.
8. Vocational Education and the Collegiate Ideal: The Threat and 91
the Challenge of Limited Resources
Linda Serra Hagedorn
Although fiscal restraints have had an impact upon all levels of postsec-
ondary education, community college vocational programs have been par-
ticularly hard hit. An examination of present conditions provides an
approach toward a realistic "ideal."
9. Redefining Campus: Urban Universities and the Idea of Place 101
Erin McNamara Horvat, Kathleen M. Shaw
University-community partnerships at urban universities offer an important
illustration of the idea of "place" in higher education.
10. The Collegiate Ideal in the Twenty-First Century 109
Arthur W. Chickering, Jackson Kytle
The colleges of the twenty-first century must incorporate the educational
fundamentals underlying traditional residential institutions, no matter what
form these fundamentals might take.
INDEX 121
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NEW DIRECTIONS FOR HIGHER EDUCATION
NO. 107 , 1999
CONTENTS
EDITORS' NOTES 1
Lucie Lapovsky, Mary P. McKeown-Moak
1. What You Need to Know About enrollment Management 5
Lucie Lapovsky
The chief financial officer cannot avoid playing a role in the decisions
involved in enrollment management.
2. How to Develop an Effective Budget Process 17
KentJohn Chabotar
Different processes suit different institutions.
3. The Thankless Task of Cost Containment 29
William S. Reed
Temporary solutions have a role in cost control, but ultimately it may
require structural change.
4. Financial Planning for Information Technology: 39
Conventional Approaches Need Not Apply
Ellen F. Falduto
The accelerating progress of technology means that conventional
financing approaches may not apply.
5. Investment Policies for College and University Endowments 51
William T. Spitz
The chief financial officer needs to pursue policies that will assure both
income and stability.
6. Using the Budget as an Effective Management Tool 61
Ronald E. Salluzzo
The budget communicates direction to the entire academic Community-
7. Campus Master Planning and Capital Budgeting 73
J- Kent Camthers, Daniel T. Layzell
The capital budget is essentially a financial translation of the master plan.
8. Identifying and Managing Risk 83
Janice M. Abraham
The buildings, people, and mission of an institution are inevitably
exposed to risks that must be concerns of the chief financial officer.
9. Financing Participation in Consortia 91
Mary Jo Mayde\v
Cooperation can help deal with problems of competitiveness.
10, Higher Education Funding Formulas 99
Mary P. McKeown-Moak
Funding formulas introduce additional dimensions into an institution's
budget planning,
11. The Chief Financial Officer and Government Relations 109
William F. Lasher, G\ven Gri^sby, CharloUe Sullivan
The chief financial officer needs the knowledge and skills called for by
the state's legislative process.
12. Using Peer Institutions in Financial and Budgetary Analyses 117
Thomas Andcres
An institution can select other benchmark institutions—some that are
like it now and others that are like wliat it wants to become.
INDEX 125